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The Effect of Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction and Perceived Workload on Perceived Job Performance: A Tertiary Hospital Example

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 276 - 295, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1660208

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationships between psychological capital, job satisfaction, perceived workload, and perceived job performance among healthcare workers. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate the impact of demographic and occupational factors on these variables. The study was conducted with 350 healthcare workers working in a tertiary hospital in Ankara. Data were collected through a survey method, with participants reached online (via Google Forms) and through face-to-face administration. The survey consisted of four sections: demographic and occupational characteristics, the Psychological Capital Scale, the Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measuring workload and job performance. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman correlation analysis, and hierarchical multivariate linear regression analysis. Psychological capital, job satisfaction, and perceived workload were found to significantly influence perceived job performance. Furthermore, job satisfaction was positively associated with both professional experience and educational attainment. In terms of control variables, male healthcare workers exhibited higher levels of psychological capital and perceived job performance than their female counterparts, while younger healthcare professionals demonstrated lower psychological capital. This study highlights the influence of psychological and organizational factors on job performance beyond the effects of demographic characteristics. Policies that enhance job satisfaction, strengthen psychological capital, and balance workload are crucial in improving job performance. Since the study is limited to a single hospital, its generalizability is restricted. Future research should include multiple healthcare institutions with larger sample sizes.

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Çankırı Karatekin University Ethics Committee for Science, Mathematics, and Social Sciences, Meeting Number E-95674917-108.99-181951, on June 17, 2024.

References

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  • Ali, I., Khan, M. M., Shakeel, S., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2021). Impact of psychological capital on performance of public hospital nurses: the mediated role of job embeddedness. Public Organization Review, 22(1), 135-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00521-9
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  • An, M., Shin, E. S., Choi, M. Y., Lee, Y., Hwang, Y. Y., & Kim, M. (2020). Positive Psychological capital mediates the association between burnout and nursing performance outcomes among hospital nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165988
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Psikolojik Sermaye, İş Tatmini ve Algılanan İş Yükünün Algılanan İş Performansına Etkisi: Bir Üçüncü Basamak Hastane Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 276 - 295, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1660208

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sağlık profesyonelleri arasında psikolojik sermaye, iş tatmini, algılanan iş yükü ve algılanan iş performansı arasındaki ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, demografik ve mesleki faktörlerin bu değişkenler üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Çalışma, Ankara’da bir üçüncü basamak hastanede görev yapan 350 sağlık profesyoneli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, çevrimiçi (Google Forms aracılığıyla) ve yüz yüze anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Anket dört bölümden oluşmaktadır: demografik ve mesleki özellikler, Psikolojik Sermaye Ölçeği, İş Tatmini Ölçeği ve iş yükü ile iş performansını ölçen Görsel Analog Ölçeği (VAS). İstatistiksel analizler kapsamında Mann-Whitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis H testi, Spearman korelasyon analizi ve hiyerarşik çok değişkenli doğrusal regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Psikolojik sermaye, iş tatmini ve algılanan iş yükünün, algılanan iş performansı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, iş tatmini mesleki deneyim ve eğitim düzeyiyle pozitif yönde ilişkilidir. Kontrol değişkenleri açısından bakıldığında, erkek sağlık çalışanlarının kadın meslektaşlarına göre daha yüksek psikolojik sermaye ve algılanan iş performansına sahip olduğu; genç sağlık çalışanlarının ise daha düşük psikolojik sermaye düzeylerine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma, demografik özelliklerin ötesinde, psikolojik ve örgütsel faktörlerin iş performansı üzerindeki etkisini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. İş tatminini artıran, psikolojik sermayeyi güçlendiren ve iş yükünü dengeleyen politikalar, iş performansını iyileştirmede kritik öneme sahiptir. Çalışmanın yalnızca tek bir hastaneyle sınırlı olması, genellenebilirliğini kısıtlamaktadır. Gelecek araştırmaların daha geniş örneklemlerle farklı sağlık kurumlarını kapsayacak şekilde tasarlanması önerilmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, 17 Haziran 2024 tarihinde, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Bilim, Matematik ve Sosyal Bilimler Etik Kurulu tarafından, Toplantı No: E-95674917-108.99-181951 onaylanmıştır.

References

  • Abate, H. K., & Mekonnen, C. K. (2021). Job satisfaction and associated factors among health care professionals working in public health facilities in Ethiopia: A systematic review. J Multidiscip Healthc, 14, 821-830. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S300118
  • Ahmad, R., Lee, M.-Y., Othman, A. E. A., Shaminan, A. S., Heng, C.-S., Sumilan, H., & Ahmad, A. I. A. (2019). The impact of workload on job performance among doctors in Malaysian public hospitals. A case study. International Journal of Business and Society, 20(3), 1276-1293.
  • Alan, H., Polat, S., & Tiryaki Sen, H. (2022). The role of psychological capital in the relationship between nurses' job satisfaction and turnover intention. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 58(4), 2811-2819. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.13128
  • Ali, I., Khan, M. M., Shakeel, S., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2021). Impact of psychological capital on performance of public hospital nurses: the mediated role of job embeddedness. Public Organization Review, 22(1), 135-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00521-9
  • Amini, S. (2023). The relationship between psychological capital and job performance among nurses OsloMet-Storbyuniversitetet].
  • An, M., Shin, E. S., Choi, M. Y., Lee, Y., Hwang, Y. Y., & Kim, M. (2020). Positive Psychological capital mediates the association between burnout and nursing performance outcomes among hospital nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165988
  • Asamani, J. A., Amertil, N. P., & Chebere, M. (2015). The influence of workload levels on performance in a rural hospital. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 21(12), 577-586. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2015.21.12.577
  • Aydın, D., & Demir, Ö. (2023). The psychological capital of healthcare workers: Importance and effects. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 10(101), 2972-2980.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Macmillan.
  • Brady, J., & Prentice, G. (2025). A post-pandemic critical evaluation of remote working influences on affective well-being, work-life and job satisfaction. DBS Applied Research and Theory Journal, 2.
  • Bukth, T., & Fatima, K. (2024). The influence of job characteristics on the motivation and satisfaction of mid-career professionals. Psychology, 15(11), 1760-1790.
  • Cronk, B. C. (2019). How to use SPSS®: A step-by-step guide to analysis and interpretation. Routledge. Denis, D. J. (2018). SPSS data analysis for univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics. John Wiley & Sons. Firth-Cozens, J. (2008). Effects of gender on performance in medicine. Bmj, 336(7647), 731-732. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39526.359630.BE
  • Fu, J., Sun, W., Wang, Y., Yang, X., & Wang, L. (2013). Improving job satisfaction of Chinese doctors: The positive effects of perceived organizational support and psychological capital. Public Health, 127(10), 946-951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2012.12.017
  • Gesare, R. O., Njeje, D., & Kyule, A. (2024). Workload and employee performance; A survey of selected level five private hospitals. Journal of Human Resource & Leadership, 8(3), 122-131.
  • Goetz, K., Musselmann, B., Szecsenyi, J., & Joos, S. (2013). The influence of workload and health behavior on job satisfaction of general practitioners. Fam Med, 45(2), 95-101.
  • Halawani, L. A., Halawani, M. A., & Beyari, G. M. (2021). Job satisfaction among Saudi healthcare workers and its impact on the quality of health services. J Family Med Prim Care, 10(5), 1873-1881. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2236_20
  • Hall, L. H., Johnson, J., Watt, I., Tsipa, A., & O'Connor, D. B. (2016). Healthcare staff wellbeing, burnout, and patient safety: A systematic review. PLoS One, 11(7), e0159015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159015
  • Harma, M., Shiri, R., Ervasti, J., Karhula, K., Turunen, J., Koskinen, A., Ropponen, A., & Sallinen, M. (2022). National recommendations for shift scheduling in healthcare: A 5-year prospective cohort study on working hour characteristics. Int J Nurs Stud, 134, 104321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104321
  • Hasan, J., Hasan, M., Rahman, M., & Hossain, M. U. (2024). Job satisfaction theories: A literature review. IST Journal on Business & Technology, 8(1), 97-108.
  • Hellin Gil, M. F., Ruiz Hernandez, J. A., Ibanez-Lopez, F. J., Seva Llor, A. M., Roldan Valcarcel, M. D., Mikla, M., & Lopez Montesinos, M. J. (2022). Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Workload of Nurses in Adult Inpatient Units. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811701
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513.
  • Hoxha, G., Simeli, I., Theocharis, D., Vasileiou, A., & Tsekouropoulos, G. (2024). Sustainable healthcare quality and job satisfaction through organizational culture: Approaches and outcomes. Sustainability, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093603
  • Karaferis, D., Aletras, V., & Niakas, D. (2022). Determining dimensions of job satisfaction in healthcare using factor analysis. BMC Psychology, 10(1), 240. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00941-2
  • Karagöz, Y. (2019). SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 uygulamalı istatistiksel analizler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Karimi, L., Leggat, S. G., Bartram, T., Afshari, L., Sarkeshik, S., & Verulava, T. (2021). Emotional intelligence: Predictor of employees' wellbeing, quality of patient care, and psychological empowerment. BMC Psychol, 9(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00593-8
  • Katebi, A., HajiZadeh, M. H., Bordbar, A., & Salehi, A. M. (2021). The relationship between “job satisfaction” and “job performance”: A meta-analysis. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 23(1), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-021-00280-y
  • Keçeci, Ş., & Ugur, Ö. (2021). Psikolojik sermaye ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(80), 2009-2018. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.869961
  • Keser, A., & Bilir, K. B. Ö. (2019). İş tatmini ölçeğinin Türkçe güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(3), 229-239.
  • Kline, R. (2011). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling (3. Edition). The Guilford Press. Lee, B., Lee, C., Choi, I., & Kim, J. (2022). Analyzing determinants of job satisfaction based on two-factor theory. Sustainability, 14(19), 12557. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/19/12557
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There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Policy, Health Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ugur Ugrak 0000-0002-6043-835X

Early Pub Date May 31, 2025
Publication Date May 31, 2025
Submission Date March 18, 2025
Acceptance Date May 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Ugrak, U. (2025). The Effect of Psychological Capital, Job Satisfaction and Perceived Workload on Perceived Job Performance: A Tertiary Hospital Example. Current Research in Social Sciences, 11(1), 276-295. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1660208