COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Hemşirelerde Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük ve Ölüm Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde hemşirelerde belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ile ölüm kaygısı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipteki araştırma 449 hemşire ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği ve Ölüm Kaygısı Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: COVID-19 geçiren, COVID-19 nedeniyle yakınını kaybeden ve COVID-19 kaynaklı ölüme tanık olanlarda belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve ölüm kaygısının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar: COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin hemşirelerde belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve ölüm kaygısının arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda hemşirelerin COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde çalışma ortamı ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlar açısından değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük
• Ölüm Kaygısı
• Hemşire
• COVID-19

The Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Death Anxiety of Nurses During the COVID-19 Outbreak

Abstract

Aim: This study was aimed to determine the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and death anxiety of nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 449 nurses. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and Death Anxiety Scale. Results: It was determined that intolerance of uncertainty and death anxiety were higher in those who have had COVID-19, have lost a loved one due to COVID-19, and have witnessed patient death due to COVID-19. Conclusions: It was determined that the COVID-19 outbreak increased the intolerance of uncertainty and death anxiety in nurses. In this context it is recommended that nurses should be evaluated in terms of the working environment and psychological needs during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Keywords

• Intolerance of Uncertainty
• Death Anxiety
• Nurse
• COVID-19

References

1. Aydın, A., & Ersoy Özcan, B. (2021). Levels of intolerance of uncertainty, rumination and resilience among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(3), 1191-1200. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.925771
2. Bao, Y., Sun, Y., Meng, S., Shi, J., & Lu, L. (2020). 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet, 395(10224), 37–38. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736(20)30309-3
3. Belash, I., Barzagar, F., Mousavi, G., Janbazian, K., Aghasi, Z., Ladari, A. T., ... & Rahnamaei, K. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and death anxiety among intensive care nurses working at the Hospitals Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(7), 2499. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2105_20
4. Bişkin Çetin, S., & Sözel, H. (2021). Death anxiety levels of healthcare professionals in the COVID-19 period. Eskisehir Medical Journal, 2(2), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.48176/esmj.2021.21
5. Carleton, R. N., Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105- 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014
6. Erkal Aksoy, Y., & Koçak, V. (2020). Psychological effects of nurses and midwives due to COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Turkey. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(5), 427-433. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.apnu.2020.07.011
7. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41 (4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
8. Ferry, A. V., Wereski, R., Strachan, F. E., & Mills, N. L. (2021). Predictors of healthcare worker burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 114 (6), 374-380. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fqjmed%2Fhcab065

9. Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2020). Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and associated factors in health care workers: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Journal of Hospital Infection, 108, 120-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.008
10. Galehdar, N., Toulabi, T., Kamran, A., & Heydari, H. (2020). Exploring nurses’ perception of taking care of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A qualitative study. Nursing Open, 8(1), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.616
11. García-Fernández, L., Romero-Ferreiro, V., Padilla, S., Lahera, G., & Rodriguez-Jimenez, R. (2022). Different emotional profile of health care staff and general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(2), 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001024
12. Greenberg, N., Docherty, M., Gnanapragasam, S., & Wessely, S. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic. The British Medical Journal, 368. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1211
13. Karabağ Aydın, A., & Fidan, H. (2022). The effect of nurses' death anxiety on life satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01357-9
14. Karaca, F., & Yıldız, M. (2001). The validity and reliability study of Turkish version of Thorson-Powell Death Anxiety scale in a normal population. Tabula Rasa, 1, 43–55.
15. Khajoei, R., Dehghan, M., Heydarpour, N., Mohseni, M., Shokohian, S., Maazallahi, M., & Forouzi, M. A. (2022).
16. Comparison of death anxiety, death obsession, and humor in nurses and medical emergency personnel in COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Emergency Nursing, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jen.2022.02.004
17. Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., …& Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976. https://dx.doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamanetworkopen.2020.3976
18. Lippi, G., Sanchis-Gomar, F., Henry, B. M. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the portrait of a perfect storm. Annals of Translational Medicine, 8 (7), 497. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.03.157
19. Menges, D., Ballouz, T., Anagnostopoulos, A., Aschmann, H. E., Domenghino, A., Fehr, J. S., & Puhan, M. A. (2021). Burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and implications for healthcare service planning: A population-based cohort study. PLoS ONE, 16(7), e0254523. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254523
20. Menzies, R. E., & Menzies, R. G. (2020). Death anxiety in the time of COVID-19: theoretical explanations and clinical implications. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13(19), 1- 11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X20000215
21. Özdemir, İ., Özden Hergül, G., Öztürk, M., & Arslan, A. (2021). Investigation of the effect of sociodemographic variables, hopelessness and intolerance of uncertainty on perceived stress levels by nurses working at a pandemic hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical Journal of Ankara Training and Research Hospital, 54(3), 434-441. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.938762
22. Özer, Z., Aksoy, M., & Bahcecioglu Turan, G. (2021). The relationship between death anxiety and religious coping styles in patients diagnosed with COVID-19: A Sample in the East of Turkey. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 0(0), 1- 13. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211065256
23. Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and İmmunity, 88, 901-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026
24. Sampaio, F., Sequeira, C., Teixeira, L. (2020). Nurses’ mental health during the Covid-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62 (10), 783- 787. https://doi.org/10.1097/jom.0000000000001987
25. Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A. & Akça, M. Ş. (2014). The Turkish short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty (IUS- 12) Scale: the study of validity and reliability. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148-157. http://doi.org/10.17121/ressjournal.109
26. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
27. Temsah, M. H., Alenezi, S., Alarabi, M., Aljamaan, F., Alhasan, K., Assiri, R., ... & Al-Tawfiq, J. A. (2022). Healthcare workers’ SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant uncertainty-related stress, resilience, and coping strategies during the first week of the World Health Organization’s alert. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(4), 1944. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph19041944
28. Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1992). A revised Death Anxiety Scale. Death Studies, 16(6), 507–521. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481189208252595
29. Yiğit, D., & Açıkgöz, A. (2021). Anxiety and death anxiety levels of nurses in the COVID-19 Pandemic and affecting factors. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 18(1), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.5152/jern.2021.35683.