STZ İle Diyabet Oluşturulmuş Ratlarda Nar Çekirdeği Yağının Antidiyabetik Ve Antioksidant Etkileri

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) karbonhidrat, yağ ve protein metabolizmasındaki düzensizliklerin neden olduğu metabolik bir hastalıktır. Günümüzde diyabeti kontrol altına almak ve komplikasyonlarını azaltmak için alternatif tedavilere ihtiyaç duyulduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Punica granatum çekirdeği yağının anti-diyabetik ve antioksidan aktivitesini araştırmak üzere planlanan bu çalışmada, ratlar her grupta 8 rat olacak şekilde rastgele seçilmiş ve eşit olarak 4 gruba ayrılmıştır. Kontrol grubuna serum fizyolojik verilirken, nar yağı grubuna nar yağı gavaj yoluyla (2 ml/kg/gün) verilmiştir. Diyabet oluşturmak için üçüncü ve dördüncü grup sıçanlara 45 mg/kg tek doz streptozotosin (STZ) i.p. ve dördüncü grup sıçanlara STZ benzer şekilde uygulanmış ve aynı doz nar çekirdeği yağı gavaj yoluyla üç hafta boyunca günlük olarak verilmiştir. Deney sonunda sıçanların kalplerinden kan örnekleri alınmış ve glikoz, insülin, adiponektin, resistin, total kolesterol (TK), trigliserid (TG), HDL kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol, TAC, TOS, OSI seviyeleri kaydedilmiştir.Sonuç olarak; nar çekirdeği yağının diyabette yükselen glikoz seviyesini düşürerek, artan kolesterol, LDL, TOS ve OSI değerlerini azalttığı tespit edildi. HDL ve TAC seviyelerinde ise diyabet+nar yağı grubunda yükseltici etkisi gözlendi. Resisitin düzeylerinde önemli değişimler bulunmazken adiponektin ve insülin düzeyi diyabetli grupta önemle azalmıştır. Son canlı ağırlıklar incelendiğinde diyabetli sıçanların en düşük değere sahip olduğu saptandı. Diyabetli sıçanlarda yükselen glukoz değeri nar yağı ilave edildiğinde önemli olarak düşmüştür. Nar yağının antihiperglisemik, antioksidan ve antihiperkolesterolemik fonksiyonlarının olabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Keywords

• Nar çekirdeği yağı
• diyabet
• antioksidan
• insülin
• adiponektin
• resistin

A study of antidiabetic effect of pomegranate seed oil on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease caused by irregularities in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Today, it has been observed that alternative therapies are needed to control diabetes and reduce its complications. In this study planned to investigate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity of Punica granatum seed oil, rats were randomly selected with 8 rats in each group and divided equally into 4 groups. The control group received saline, while the pomegranate oil group received pomegranate oil by gavage (2 ml/kg/day). To induce diabetes, 45 mg/kg single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) i.p. was administered to the third and fourth group rats and STZ was administered similarly to the fourth group rats and the same dose of pomegranate seed oil was given daily by gavage for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from the hearts of the rats and glucose, insulin, adiponectin, resistin, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TAC, TOS, OSI levels were recorded. In HDL and TAC levels, an increasing effect was observed in the diabetes + pomegranate oil group. While there were no significant changes in rescitin levels, adiponectin and insulin levels decreased significantly in the diabetic group. When the final body weights were analyzed, it was determined that diabetic rats had the lowest value. Elevated glucose levels in diabetic rats decreased significantly when pomegranate oil was added. It was concluded that pomegranate oil may have antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and antihypercholesterolemic functions.

Keywords

• pomegranete seed oil
• diabetes
• antioksidant
• ınsulın
• adiponectin
• resistin

References

1. Aboonabi, A., Rahmat, A., & Othman, F. (2014). Antioxidant effect of pomegranate against streptozotocin-nicotinamide generated oxidative stress induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Rep, 1,915-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.022
2. Bushra, RI., & Khalil, LW. (2018). Effect of pomegranate seed oil on glycemic index in diabetic rabbits. Ind J Natur Science, 8 (49), 14362-7.
3. Comba, A., Sarıpınar Aksu, D., başbuğan, Y., & Comba, B. (2023). Effect of Barley Grass Juice on Antioxidant Capacity and DNA Damage in Diabetic Rats. Hitit medical journal, 5(3). DOI: 10.52827/hititmedj.1281145
4. Comba, B., Taş, A., Comba, A., Yurdakul, İ., &Yörük, İH. (2015) . Effect of sildenafil citrate on MDA, GSH, retinol, vitamin D3 and α-tocoferole levels in wound healing: diabetic rat model. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 9, 82-85.
5. Comba, B., Mis, L., Uslu, S., & Comba, A. (2017). The effect of barley grass on antioxidant capacity and DNA damage in rat with renal failure. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26, 6135-6140.
6. Erel, O. (2005) A new for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem, 38, 1103-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008
7. Fruebis, J., Tsao, T.S., Javorsehi, S., Ebbets-Reed, D., Erickson, M.R., & Yen, F.T. (2001). Proteolitic eleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte; complementreIated protein increases fatty acid oxidation inmuscle and causes weight loss in mice. PNA, 98,2005-10. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.2005
8. Fu., Y, & Luo, N. (2005). Adiponectin promotes adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid accumulation. J Lipid Res, 1369-79. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M400373-JLR200.

9. Hara, K., Horikoshi, M., Yamauchi, T., Yago, H., Miyazaki, O., Ebinuma, H., Imai Y, Nagai R., & Kadowaki, T.(2006). Measurement of the high-molecular weight form of adiponectin in plasma is useful for the prediction of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care, 29,1357-62. DOI: 10.2337/dc05-1801
10. Halleux, C.M., Takahashi, M., Delporte, M.L., Detry, R., Funahashi, T., & Matsuzawa, Y. (2001). Secretion of adiponectin and regulation of apMl gene expression in human visceral adipose tissue. Biochem BIophys Res Comm, 288,1102-7
11. Harzallah, A., & Hammami, M. (2016). Comparison of potential preventive effects of pomegranate flower, peel and seed oil on insulin resistance and inflammation in high-fat and highsucrose diet-induced obesity mice model. Arch Physiol Biochem, 122(2),75- 8. DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2016.1148053.
12. Jayaraman, R., Shivakumar, A., Anitha, T., Joshi, VD., & Palei, NN. (2009) .Antidiabetic effect of petroleum ether extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruits against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. Rom J Biol Plant Biol, 54 (2),127-34.
13. Kusminski, C., Mcternan, P., & Kumar, S. (2005). Role., of resistin in obesity, insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Clin Sci,109,243-56. DOI: 10.1042/CS20050078
14. Laudes, M., Oberhauser, F., Schulte, D.M., Freude, S., Bilkovski, R., & Mauer, J. (2010). Visfatin/PBEF/Nampt and resistin expressions in circulating blood monocytes are differentially related to obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Horm Metab Res, 42, 268-73. DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243638
15. Lee, JH., Chan, J.L., Yiannakouris, N., Kontogianni, M., Estrada, E., & Seip, R. (2003). Circulating resistin levels are not associated with obesity or insulin resistance in humans and are not regulated by fasting or leptin administration: cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal, insulin-resistant, and diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88, 4848- 56. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-030519.
16. McFarlin, B. (2009). Pomegranate seed oil consumption during a period of high-fat feeding reduces weight gain and reduces type 2 diabetes risk in CD-1 mice. Br J Nutr, 1, 54–59. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114508159001.
17. Karabay, G., Zağyapan, R., & Take, G. (2006). Streptozotosinle oluşturulan diabetin sıçan periferik sinirleri üzerine etkisinin elektron mikroskobik incelenmesi. Uludağ Üniv Tıp Fak Derg, 32(3),77-81.
18. Kaser, S., Tatarczyk, T., Stadlmayr, A., Ciardi, C., Ress, C., & Tschoner, A. ( 2008). Effect of obesity and insulin sensitivity on adiponectin isoform distribution. Eur J Clin Invest, 38,827-34. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02028.x
19. Khalil, E. (2004). Antidiabetic effect of an aqueous extract of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels in normal and alloxan diabetic rats. The Egyp J Hosp Med, 92 –9. DOI: 10.21608/ejhm.2004.18177
20. Mis, L., Comba, B., Uslu, S. & Yeltekin, A.Ç. (2018). Effect of Wheatgrass on DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress Index and Histological Findings in Diabetic Rats. Internatıonal Journal of Morphology, 36, 1235-1240. DOI: 10.4067/S0717-95022018000401235.
21. Mollazadeh, H., Hoseini, A., Farzadnia, M., & Boroushaki, M. (2016). Effects of pomegranate seed oil on oxidative stress markers, serum biochemical parameters and pathological findings in kidney and heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Renal Fail,38 (8),1256-66. DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2016.1207053
22. Mollazadeh, H., & Boroushaki, M. (2017). Effects of pomegranate seed oil on oxidant/antioxidant balance in heart and kidney homogenates and mitochondria of diabetic rats and high glucose-treated H9c2 cell line. Avicenna J Phytomed, 4, 317-33. PMCID: PMC5580870
23. Nekooeian, A., Eftekhar, M., & Adibi, S.(2014). Effects of pomegranate seed oil on insulin release in rats with type 2 diabetes, Iran J Med Sci, 39(20),130-5. PMCID: PMC3957012
24. Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., Arita, Y., Okamoto, Macda. K., & Kuriyama, H. (2000). Adiponectin, adipocyte-derived plasma protein inhibits endothelial NFKB signaling through cAMP dependent pathway. Circulation, 102,1296-301. DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.102.11.1296
25. Shabbir, M.A., Khan, M.R., Saeed, M., Pasha, I., Khalil, A.A., Siraj, N.(2017) Punicic acid: A striking health substance to combat metabolic syndromes in humans. Lipids Health Dis. 30;16(1). DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0489-3
26. Seghrouchni, I., Drai, J., Bannier, E., Riviere, J., Calmard, P., & Garcia, I. (2002). Oxidative stress parameters in type I, type II and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin treatment efficiency. Clin Chim Acta,321(2),89-96. DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00099-2
27. Vroegrijk, I., Diepen,, J., Berg, S., & Westbroek, I. (2011). Pomegranate seed oil, a rich source of punicic acid, prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Food Chem Toxicol, 49,1426-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.037
28. Yamauchi, T., Kamon, J., Waki, H. (2001). The fat derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med,7,941-6. DOI: 10.1038/90984