Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 44 - 56, 30.01.2018

Abstract

In this study we aim to understand how does globalization changed / expanded the international conflict ecosystem by introducing a newcomer: Cyber-conflicts. For the purpose of such an understanding first of all in the introduction part we revisit and integrate a number of theories and concepts such as conflict, cyberspace, imperialism, globalization theories and transnationality concept in order to have a theoretical framework about cyber-conflicts. Then we focus on the differences and relations between the conventional / kinetic conflicts and cyberconflicts. Although this study is based on qualitative analysis of what is called cyber-conflicts, we also include some quantitative data in order to clarify the current changes in international conflict ecosystem. In the conclusion part we reach a new conceptualization about cyberconflicts as globalization of war and criticise the lack of peace mechanisms.

References

  • Arı, T. (2013). Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri: Çatışma,Hegemonya, İşbirliği (8. Baskı ed.). Bursa: MKM Yayıncılık.
  • Bousquet, A. (2008, September). Chaoplexic Warfare or the Future of Military Organization. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 84(5), 915-929.
  • Choucri, N. (2012). Cyberpolitics in International Relations. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Delpech, T. (2012). Space and Cyberdeterrence. In T. Delpech, Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century (pp. 140-157). New York: RAND Corporation.
  • Derian, J. D. (2000, October). Virtuous War / Virtual Theory. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 76(4), 771-788.
  • Friedman, G., & Friedman, M. (2015). Savaşın Geleceği:21.Yüzyılda Güç, Teknoloji ve Amerikan Dünya Egemenliği (The Future of War). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayıncılık.
  • Friedman, P. W. (2014). Cybersecurity and Cyberwar:What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
  • Galtung, J. (1971). A Structural Theory of Imperialism. Journal of Peace Research, 8(2), 81- 117.
  • Galtung, J. (1973). Theories of Conflict: Definitions, Dimensions, Negations, Formations. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
  • Galtung, J. (2007). Introduction: peace by peaceful conflict transformation – the TRANSCEND approach. In C. Webel, & J. Galtung, Handbook ofPeace and Conflict Studies (pp. 14-32). New York: Routledge.
  • Gamero-Garrido, A. (2014). Cyber Conflicts in International Relations:Frameworks and Case Studies. Boston: MIT and Harvard University.
  • Gregory, D. (2011, September). The Everywhere War. The Geographical Journals , 177(3),238-250.
  • Held, D., & McGrew, A. (2003). Küresel Dönüşümler:Büyük Küreselleşme Tartışması (The Global Transformations Reader). Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Hughes, R. (2010, March). A Treaty for Cyberspace. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 86(2), 523-541.
  • Huntington, S. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Jackson, R. (2015). Towards critical peace research: lessons from critical terrorism studies. In I. Tellidis, & H. Toros, Researching Terrorism, Peace and Conflict Studies:Interaction,synthesis, and opposition (pp. 19-37). New York: Routledge.
  • Kellner, D. (2002, November). Theorizing Globalization. Sociological Theory, 20(3), 285-305.
  • Kosenkov, A. (2016). Cyber Confllicts as a New Global Threat. Future Internet, 8(45), 1-9.
  • Kriesberg, L. (2012). Mediation in Conflict Systems. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 29, 149-162.
  • Leonhardt, M. (2001). Conflict Analysis for Project Planning and Management: A Practical Guideline Draft. Berlin: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH.
  • Lewis, J. A. (2013). Conflict and Negotiation in Cyberspace. Washington: CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies).
  • Libicki, M. C. (2012). Crisis and Escalation in Cyberspace. New York: RAND Corporation.
  • Paul, C., Porche, I. R., & Axelband, E. (2014). Confirming the Analogy: How Alike Are Prfe-U.S. Speciial Operations Command Forces and Contemporary Cyber Forces. In C. Paul,
  • I. R. Porche, & E. Axelband, The Other Quiet Professionals (pp. 31-46). New York: RAND Corporation.
  • Podins, K., J., S., & M., M. (2013). 5th Conference on Cyber Conflicts:Proceedings. Tallin: NATO CCDCOE.
  • Schmitt, M. (2012). Classification of Cyberconflict. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 17(2), 245-260.
  • Swanström, N. L., & Weissmann, M. S. (2005). Conflict, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Management and beyond:a conceptual exploration. Uppsala: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program.
  • The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. (2017, December 6). Ecosystem. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/science/ecosystem
  • Tierney, N. (2006). Religion, the Globalization of War, and Restorative Justice. Buddhist-Christian Studies, 26, 79-87.
  • Wallensteen, P. (2007). Understanding Conflict Resolution:War, Peace and the Global System. London: SAGE Publications.
Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 44 - 56, 30.01.2018

Abstract

References

  • Arı, T. (2013). Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri: Çatışma,Hegemonya, İşbirliği (8. Baskı ed.). Bursa: MKM Yayıncılık.
  • Bousquet, A. (2008, September). Chaoplexic Warfare or the Future of Military Organization. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 84(5), 915-929.
  • Choucri, N. (2012). Cyberpolitics in International Relations. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Delpech, T. (2012). Space and Cyberdeterrence. In T. Delpech, Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century (pp. 140-157). New York: RAND Corporation.
  • Derian, J. D. (2000, October). Virtuous War / Virtual Theory. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 76(4), 771-788.
  • Friedman, G., & Friedman, M. (2015). Savaşın Geleceği:21.Yüzyılda Güç, Teknoloji ve Amerikan Dünya Egemenliği (The Future of War). İstanbul: Pegasus Yayıncılık.
  • Friedman, P. W. (2014). Cybersecurity and Cyberwar:What Everyone Needs to Know. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
  • Galtung, J. (1971). A Structural Theory of Imperialism. Journal of Peace Research, 8(2), 81- 117.
  • Galtung, J. (1973). Theories of Conflict: Definitions, Dimensions, Negations, Formations. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
  • Galtung, J. (2007). Introduction: peace by peaceful conflict transformation – the TRANSCEND approach. In C. Webel, & J. Galtung, Handbook ofPeace and Conflict Studies (pp. 14-32). New York: Routledge.
  • Gamero-Garrido, A. (2014). Cyber Conflicts in International Relations:Frameworks and Case Studies. Boston: MIT and Harvard University.
  • Gregory, D. (2011, September). The Everywhere War. The Geographical Journals , 177(3),238-250.
  • Held, D., & McGrew, A. (2003). Küresel Dönüşümler:Büyük Küreselleşme Tartışması (The Global Transformations Reader). Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Hughes, R. (2010, March). A Treaty for Cyberspace. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs), 86(2), 523-541.
  • Huntington, S. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Jackson, R. (2015). Towards critical peace research: lessons from critical terrorism studies. In I. Tellidis, & H. Toros, Researching Terrorism, Peace and Conflict Studies:Interaction,synthesis, and opposition (pp. 19-37). New York: Routledge.
  • Kellner, D. (2002, November). Theorizing Globalization. Sociological Theory, 20(3), 285-305.
  • Kosenkov, A. (2016). Cyber Confllicts as a New Global Threat. Future Internet, 8(45), 1-9.
  • Kriesberg, L. (2012). Mediation in Conflict Systems. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 29, 149-162.
  • Leonhardt, M. (2001). Conflict Analysis for Project Planning and Management: A Practical Guideline Draft. Berlin: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH.
  • Lewis, J. A. (2013). Conflict and Negotiation in Cyberspace. Washington: CSIS (Center for Strategic and International Studies).
  • Libicki, M. C. (2012). Crisis and Escalation in Cyberspace. New York: RAND Corporation.
  • Paul, C., Porche, I. R., & Axelband, E. (2014). Confirming the Analogy: How Alike Are Prfe-U.S. Speciial Operations Command Forces and Contemporary Cyber Forces. In C. Paul,
  • I. R. Porche, & E. Axelband, The Other Quiet Professionals (pp. 31-46). New York: RAND Corporation.
  • Podins, K., J., S., & M., M. (2013). 5th Conference on Cyber Conflicts:Proceedings. Tallin: NATO CCDCOE.
  • Schmitt, M. (2012). Classification of Cyberconflict. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 17(2), 245-260.
  • Swanström, N. L., & Weissmann, M. S. (2005). Conflict, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Management and beyond:a conceptual exploration. Uppsala: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program.
  • The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. (2017, December 6). Ecosystem. Retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/science/ecosystem
  • Tierney, N. (2006). Religion, the Globalization of War, and Restorative Justice. Buddhist-Christian Studies, 26, 79-87.
  • Wallensteen, P. (2007). Understanding Conflict Resolution:War, Peace and the Global System. London: SAGE Publications.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hüseyin Oruç This is me

Publication Date January 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 2 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Oruç, H. (2018). CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM. Cyberpolitik Journal, 2(4), 44-56.
AMA Oruç H. CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM. Cyberpolitik Journal. January 2018;2(4):44-56.
Chicago Oruç, Hüseyin. “CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM”. Cyberpolitik Journal 2, no. 4 (January 2018): 44-56.
EndNote Oruç H (January 1, 2018) CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM. Cyberpolitik Journal 2 4 44–56.
IEEE H. Oruç, “CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM”, Cyberpolitik Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 44–56, 2018.
ISNAD Oruç, Hüseyin. “CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM”. Cyberpolitik Journal 2/4 (January 2018), 44-56.
JAMA Oruç H. CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM. Cyberpolitik Journal. 2018;2:44–56.
MLA Oruç, Hüseyin. “CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM”. Cyberpolitik Journal, vol. 2, no. 4, 2018, pp. 44-56.
Vancouver Oruç H. CYBERCONFLICTS: AN EFFECT OF GLOBALIZATION ON CONFLICT ECOSYSTEM. Cyberpolitik Journal. 2018;2(4):44-56.