Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramı Açısından Ölüm Kaygısının İngiltere’de Müslümanlara Yönelik Tutumların Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

İngiltere, Avrupa’da en fazla Müslüman nüfusa sahip ülkelerden biridir ve Avrupa genelinde aşırı sağın yükselişe geçmesiyle paralel olarak İngiltere’de Müslümanlara yönelik olumsuz tutumlar ve ayrımcılık artmaktadır. Özelde Müslümanlara genelde ise tüm yabancılara yönelik olumsuz tutumların birçok farklı psikolojik nedeni bulunmaktadır. Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramı, bunlardan birisinin de bireylere ölümün hatırlatılması olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramına göre, hayatta kalmak gibi güçlü bir motivasyona sahip olan insan aynı zamanda tüm hayatta kalma çabalarının bir gün başarısız olacağını bilir ve ölüm kaygısı yaşar. Bu kaygıdan kurtulmak için kültürüne yönelir ve onu güçlü şekilde savunmaya başlar. Ölümün hatırlatıldığı bireyler, ölüm kaygısının üstesinden gelmek için kendi kültürlerine yöneldiklerinde, diğer kültürlere yani dış gruplara veya onların üyelerine karşı önyargı geliştirirler veya onlara karşı olumsuz tutumlar edinirler. Bu iddianın test edilmesi için 2018 yılı içerisinde İngiltere’de 50 kişinin katılımıyla bir deney gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar eşit iki gruba ayrılarak deney ve kontrol grupları oluşturulmuştur. Ölümün hatırlatılmasının Müslümanlara yönelik tutumlar üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi için deney grubuna ölümü hatırlatıcı video izlettirilmiş ve daha sonra her iki gruba Müslümanlara yönelik tutumları ölçen sorular yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler analiz edildiğinde, ölümün hatırlatıldığı bireylerin (deney grubu), Müslümanlara yönelik tutumlarının diğer bireylerden (kontrol grubu) daha olumsuz oldukları tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Dehşet Yönetimi Kuramı,Ölüm,Ölüm Kaygısı,Yabancı Düşmanlığı,Müslüman

The Effect of Death Anxiety on Attitudes towards Muslims in the UK: A Terror Management Theory Perspective

Abstract

The United Kingdom is one of the countries with the highest Muslim population in Europe and in the UK, negative attitudes and discrimination against Muslims are increasing in parallel with the rise of far right in all around Europe. There are many different psychological reasons for negative attitudes towards foreigners and especially towards Muslims. Terror Management Theory claims that one of these reasons is the mortality salience. According to the theory, human with a strong motivation to survive knows that one day all his efforts will fail and he will die. This creates a death anxiety. In order to get rid of this anxiety, the individual turns his face to his culture or world view and begins to defend it strongly. Individuals, whose deaths are reminded, develop prejudice or develop negative attitudes toward other cultures, ie, outgroups or towards their members, when they turn to their own culture to deal with the anxiety. In order to test this claim, an experiment was conducted with participation of 50 people in the UK in 2018. The participants were divided into two groups as experimental and control groups. In order to examine the effect of the mortality salience on the attitudes towards Muslims, the experimental group was shown a video about death, and then, both groups were asked questions that measured attitudes towards Muslims. As a result of the experiment, it has been found that the attitudes of participants (experimental group) to whom the death was reminded, towards Muslims are more negative than the attitudes of other participants (control group).

Keywords

• Terror Management Theory,Death,Mortality Salience,Xenophobia,Muslim

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