Determining the Factors Affecting Air Quality in Marmara, Turkey, and Assessing it Using Air Quality Indices

Abstract

Air pollution due to anthropogenic activities is currently one of the most important problems faced worldwide. This study aimed to determine the associations between air quality and spatial, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors while evaluating air quality using the air stress index (ASI) and the daily air quality (DAQx) scale. The annual mean levels of CO, NOx, O3, PM 2.5, PM10 and SO2 in the region were 718.6, 39.5, 44.4, 25.5, 51.3, and 9.9 μg/m3, respectively. While anthropogenic variables mostly affected NOx (r=0.56 to 0.64) and O3 (r=-0.34 to 0.64), meteorological (r=-0.38 to 0.45) and spatial factors (r=-0.41 to -0.65) mostly affected particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). CO and SO2, on the other hand, were affected by all types of variables at varying directions and rates. The mean ASI and DAQx values of 2.1 and 4.3 indicated that the air quality in the region exhibited distinct air stress and sufficient air quality, respectively. The findings and outcomes could contribute to understanding and evaluating the air quality in the region and could be used as a base for further studies.

Keywords

• Correlation Analysis
• Air Stress Index
• Daily Air Quality Index
• Air Pollution

Marmara Bölgesinde Hava Kalitesini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi ve Hava Kalitesi Endeksleri Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Antropojenik faaliyetlere bağlı hava kirliliği dünya çapında karşılaşılan en önemli sorunlardan biridir. Bu çalışma, bir yandan hava stres indeksi (ASI) ve günlük hava kalitesi (DAQx) ölçeğini kullanarak hava kalitesini değerlendirirken diğer yandan hava kalitesi ile mekansal, meteorolojik ve antropojenik faktörler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bölgedeki yıllık ortalama CO, NOx, O3, PM2.5, PM10 ve SO2 seviyeleri sırasıyla 718.6, 39.5, 44.4, 25.5, 51.3 ve 9.9 µg/m3'tür. Antropojenik değişkenlerin en çok NOx (r=0,56 ila 0,64) ve O3 (r=-0,34 ila 0,64) kirleticilerini etkilerken, meteorolojik (r=-0,38 ila 0,45) ve mekansal faktörler ise (r=-0,41 ila -0,65) en çok partiküler madde miktarını etkilemiştir. CO ve SO2 ise her türlü değişkenden farklı oranlarda etkilenmiştir. ASI ve DAQx değerleri ortalama 2.1 ve 4.3 olarak bulunmuş ve bölgedeki hava kalitesinin sırasıyla belirgin hava stresi ve yeterli hava kalitesi sergilediğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın bulgu ve sonuçları, bölgedeki hava kalitesinin daha iyi anlaşılıp değerlendirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir ve ileride yapılacak çalışmalar için bir temel oluşturabilir.

Keywords

• Korelasyon Analizi
• Hava Stres Indeksi
• Günlük Hava Kalitesi Indeksi
• Hava Kirliliği

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