Çevresel Mikroplastik Analizlerindeki Geri Kazanımı Değerlendirmeye Yönelik Bir Ön Çalışma

Abstract

Mikroplastikler (MP’ler); fizikokimyasal özellikleri, yapısal bileşenleri, kirleticilere yönelik taşıyıcı rolü ve muhtemel sağlık etkileri nedeniyle küresel bir endişe olarak dikkat çekmektedir. MP varlığı, seviyesi ve dağılımına odaklanan araştırmalarda, analizlerdeki kalite güvencesi bağlamında sertifikalı referans malzeme veya standart metot henüz oluşturulamadığından geri kazanım çalışmalarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, toprak ve hava ortamındaki MP analizlerine yönelik geri kazanım verimliliğinin analit ekleme yaklaşımıyla değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Geri kazanım çalışmaları, Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi kampüsü bahçesinden alınan toprak ve bina iç ortamından alınan toz numunelerinin 1-5 mm boyut aralığında olacak şekilde elenerek sayı veya kütle bazında polietilen (PE) türü (<1000 µm) mikroplastiklerin eklenmesiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sırasıyla, yoğunluk ayrımı (NaCl, 1.2 g/cm3) ve organik giderimi (%30 H2O2) gibi bir dizi deneysel süreçten geçen numunelerdeki muhtemel MP’ler stereo mikroskopla görsel olarak incelenmiş ve sonrasında Zayıflatılmış toplam yansıma (ATR)-Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektrometresi ile tanımlanmıştır. Toprak ve toz numunelerinde sırasıyla, 57-4989 µm ve 36.2-2636 µm arasında değişen boyutlarda, ortalama 1.43±0.574 adet/g ve 5500±2531 adet/g düzeyinde, yoğun olarak lif ve parça şeklinde, Polietilen, Tencel, Poliasetilen (>%70 eşleşme oranı) türü MP tespit edilmiştir. Geri kazanım çalışmalarında, numunelere kütlece PE eklenen denemelerde ortalama %75, sayıca PE eklenen denemelerde ise %100 geri kazanım oranına ulaşılmıştır. MP analizlerine etki eden faktörler açısından değerlendirmenin de yapıldığı geri kazanım çalışmaları, güncel literatür bağlamında öneriler oluşturularak irdelenmiştir.

Keywords

• Polimerik Partikül
• Hava
• İç Ortam Toz
• Toprak
• FTIR
• Kalite Güvencesi

A Preliminary Study to Evaluate Recovery in Environmental Microplastic Analysis

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) have attracted attention as a global concern due to their physicochemical properties, structural components, role as vectors for pollutants and potential health impacts. In studies focusing on the occurrence, levels, and distribution of MPs, there is a need for recovery studies since certified reference materials or standard methods have not yet been established for quality assurance in analyses. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the recovery efficiency of MP analyses in soil and air matrices using an analyte addition approach. Recovery studies were carried out by soil samples taken from the garden of Eskişehir Technical University campus and dust samples taken from the indoor environment of the building in the size range of 1-5 mm with the addition of polyethylene (PE) type (<1000 µm) microplastics on a number or mass basis. MPs in the samples, which underwent a series of experimental processes, such as density separation (NaCl) and organic removal (30% H2O2), were later visually inspected with a stereo microscope and then identified with an Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR)-Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Polyethylene, Tencel, and Polyacetylene (>70% matching rate) type MPs were detected in soil and dust samples, mainly in the form of fibers and fragments, with sizes ranging between 57.0-4989 µm and 36.2-2636 µm, with an average of 1.43±0.574 MP/g and 5500±2531 MP/g, respectively. In the recovery studies, an average recovery rate of 75% was achieved in trials where PE was added to the samples by mass and 100% in trials where PE was added by number. The recovery studies, which were also evaluated in terms of the factors affecting MP analysis, were examined in the context of current literature, and recommendations were made.

Keywords

• Polymeric Particle
• Air
• Indoor Dust
• Soil
• FTIR
• Quality Assurance

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