Sel Kurtarma Ekiplerinde Afet Müdahale Eğitimine Yönelik Temel Becerilerin ve Ölçme Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi: Bir Delphi Çalışması

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sel afetlerinde görevli arama ve kurtarma ekiplerinin sahip olması gereken temel beceri ve ölçüm parametrelerini belirlemek amacıyla modifiye Delphi yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Afet tıbbı, arama kurtarma, UMKE, AFAD ve eğitim teknolojileri alanlarından 30 uzmanın katılımıyla yürütülen iki Delphi turu ve son değerlendirme toplantısı sonucunda 93 beceri ve ölçüm parametresi üzerinde uzlaşı sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, sel afetlerinde etkili müdahale için yalnızca teknik becerilerin değil, aynı zamanda olay yeri yönetimi, kişisel güvenlik, ekip içi iletişim ve koordinasyon gibi operasyonel yetkinliklerin de kritik önemde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle hipotermi, boğulma ve travma yönetimi konularında ilk yardım becerilerinin öne çıkması, sel afetlerinin en sık karşılaşılan sağlık sorunlarıyla doğrudan örtüşmektedir. Buna karşın, ileri düzey ip teknikleri gibi sahada uygulanabilirliği sınırlı becerilerde düşük uzlaşı sağlanmıştır. Bu sonuç, afet eğitimlerinde pratik ve bağlama uygun becerilere odaklanılması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, mevcut literatürde eksik olan sel afetlerine özgü bilimsel temelli beceri ve ölçüm parametre listelerini sunarak alana özgün katkı sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca belirlenen parametrelerin, AFAD, UMKE ve AKUT gibi kurumların eğitim müfredatlarına entegre edilmesi, tatbikatlarda standart ve nesnel performans değerlendirmesi yapılmasına imkân tanıyacaktır. Bunun yanı sıra, parametrelerin sanal/ artırılmış gerçeklik tabanlı sarmalayıcı simülasyonlar ve yapay zekâ destekli öğrenme analitikleri ile bütünleştirilmesi, afet eğitiminin kalitesini artırarak bireyselleştirilmiş ve kanıta dayalı öğrenme deneyimlerinin geliştirilmesine olanak sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

• Afet Eğitimi ve Yönetimi
• Arama ve Kurtarma Becerileri
• Delphi Yöntemi
• İlkyardım Becerileri

Core Skills and Assessment Parameters for Disaster Response Training in Flood Rescue Teams: A Delphi Study

Abstract

This study was conducted using a modified Delphi method to identify the core skills and measurement parameters required for search and rescue teams responding to flood disasters. Through two Delphi rounds and a final consensus meeting with 30 experts from the fields of disaster medicine, search and rescue, UMKE, AFAD, and educational technologies, consensus was achieved on 93 skills and measurement indicators. The findings revealed that effective flood disaster response requires not only technical competencies but also critical operational capabilities such as incident site management, personal safety, intra-team communication, and coordination. In particular, first aid skills related to hypothermia, drowning, and trauma management emerged as priority areas, aligning with the most common medical complications observed during flood events. Conversely, lower consensus was reached on advanced rope systems and complex water-crossing techniques, highlighting the need for training curricula to focus on practical, context-appropriate, and field-applicable skills. This study makes an original contribution by presenting a systematically developed, evidence-based list of skills and measurement parameters specific to flood disasters, which has been largely absent in the literature. Furthermore, the identified parameters can be integrated into the training curricula of institutions such as AFAD, UMKE, and AKUT, enabling standardized, objective, and replicable performance evaluation in disaster exercises. In addition, the integration of these parameters into simulation-based immersive training environments, including virtual and mixed reality applications, as well as AI-driven learning analytics, has the potential to enhance training quality and support the personalized and evidence-based disaster preparedness programs.

Keywords

• Disaster Education and Management
• Delphi Method
• First Aid Skills
• Search and Rescue Competencies

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