Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey

Abstract

This study presents an air pollutant emission inventory of primary pollutants for Kayseri, Turkey. Kayseri is one of the largest cities in Turkey which went through industrialization in recent decades together with rapid population growth. Air pollution from residential, industrial, and transportation sources have been a major problem for Kayseri during this period. In this study, emissions of four primary pollutants, namely, particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) were estimate. The sources of air pollutants in Kayseri were classified as point, area, and line sources. The emissions from point and area sources (i.e., industrial and residential areas) were estimated by using the information on types and amounts of fuels used. The emissions from line sources (i.e., transportation) were estimated by using the vehicle count data on major roads. The appropriate emission factors were obtained from the Unites State Environmental Protection Agency or European Environment Agency. The results showed that the annual emission rates for PM, SO₂, NO_X and CO were 2929 tons,5082 tons, 6791 tons and 37094 tons, respectively. Area sources are responsible for 86%, 94%, and 75% of total PM, SO₂, and CO emissions, respectively. Point sources provide about 56% of total NO_X emissions. In order to improve the air quality of our cities, it is envisaged that control measures should be taken especially for reducing the residential emissions caused by heating and the determination of national emission calculation factors in order to achieve more reliable results.

Keywords

• Emission Inventory,Primary Air Pollutants,Kayseri,Turkey

Birincil Hava Kirleticilerin Tahmini: Türkiye'den Emisyon Envanteri Örneği

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’deki hava emisyon envanter açığını kapatmak amacıyla Türkiye’de Orta Anadolu’nun büyük şehirlerinden biri olan Kayseri özelinde endüstriyel tesisler, konut ısınması, ulaştırma ve çizgi kaynaklı kirleticilerin emisyon miktarlarının hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Birincil hava kirleticileri olarak PM, SO₂, NO_X ve CO parametrelerinin değerlendirildiği çalışmada Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Çevre Koruma Ajansı (USEPA) ve Avrupa Çevre Ajansından (EEA) elde edilen kütle bazlı ve görev bazlı emisyon faktörleri kullanılarak emisyon miktarları hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca kullanılan yakıtların miktarı ve kullanılan araç türü/kilometre gibi uygun aktivite bilgileri de emisyon envanteri oluşturulması için hesaplamalarda değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Kayseri şehrine ait yıllık toplam emisyon miktarları PM, SO₂, NO_X ve CO için sırasıyla 2929 ton, 5082 ton, 6791 ton ve 37094 ton olarak hesaplanmıştır. Konut ısınmasından kaynaklı PM, SO₂ ve CO emisyon miktarlarının şehrin toplam emisyon salınımının sırasıyla %86, %94 ve %75’inden sorumlu olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Endüstriyel tesislerden salınan emisyon miktarının da NO_X parametresi bazında toplam emisyonun %56’sını karşıladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Şehirlerimize dair hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi adına özellikle ısınmadan kaynaklı kentsel emisyonların azaltılması için kontrol edici önlemlerin alınması gerekliliği ve daha güvenilir sonuçlara ulaşabilmek adına ulusal emisyon hesap faktörlerinin belirlenmesi gerekliliği öngörülmüştür.

Keywords

• Emisyon Envanteri,Birincil Hava Kirleticileri,Kayseri,Türkiye,Türkiye

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