Research Article
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Ötekileştirmenin Öteki Yüzü: Yeteneğin Cinsiyete Karşı Yenilgisi

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 5 - 17, 09.03.2022

Abstract

Ötekileştirme, kabul edilmiş normlardan saptığı algısına dayalı olarak bir bireyin veya topluluğun başka bir kişi,
grup veya toplum tarafından dışlanması durumudur. Bu sürecin sonunda birey; kültür, ekonomi, hukuk, politika,
eğitim ve sağlıkla ilgili olmak üzere toplumsal sistemlerin bir kısmının veya tamamının dışında kalmasına neden
olabilmektedir. Günlük yaşamda; cücelik, cimrilik veya aneroksiya gibi yetersizliğin ön planda olduğu gruplar, bir
insanda bulunması gereken özelliklerin eksikliğine referans verilerek ötekileştirilmektedir. Bir diğer yandan, bir
nedeni “üst düzey yetenek”, ikinci nedeni “kız çocuğu olmak” olan bireyler dışlanma halini nasıl yaşamaktadır?
Bu durum karşısında hangi stratejileri izlemektedirler? Ve bu stratejiler, çevrenin algısını ve tutumunu
değiştirmede başarılı sayılabilir mi?
Bu üç soru, eldeki çalışmanın temel problemlerini oluşturmaktadır. Problemlerin cevapları, özel yetenekli kız
çocuğunu ana karakter olarak işleyen iki roman üzerinden açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu romanlar Harper Lee’nin
“Bülbülü Öldürmek” ve Muriel Barbery’nin “Kirpinin Zarafeti” eserleridir. Anlatı modeline bağlı olarak
gerçekleştirilen içerik analizi sonuçlarına göre, karakterlerin yaşadıkları ötekileştirme özel gereksinimli diğer
çocukların yaşayabileceği ötekileştirme türleri ile benzerlik göstermesine rağmen; ötekileştirme nedenleri ve
içerikleri bakımından bazı farklılıkları barındırmaktadır. Ötekileştirme karşısında karakterlerin verdiği tepkiler,
(a) anlık ve (b) uzun vadeli olmak üzere iki başlıkta incelenmiştir. Tepkilerinin çevrenin kendilerine karşı tutum
ve algılarını değiştirmede yeterli olduğu sonucuna varılamamıştır, ancak karakterlerin elde ettiği deneyimlerin
kendilerinde bir değişim yarattığı ifade edilmiştir.

References

  • Bailey, C. L. (2010). Overexcitabilities and sensitivities: Implications of Dabrowski’s theory of positive disintegration for counseling the gifted. Çevrim-içi: http://counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas10/Article_10. pdf], Erişim tarihi, 13, 2013.
  • Baum, S. (1986). The gifted Preschooler: An awesome delight. G/C/T, 9(4), 42-45.
  • Bayoğlu, F. (2010). Simone de Beauvoir: öteki olarak kadın. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi FenEdebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 15, 71-78.
  • Beauvoir, Simone de (1993) Kadın İkinci Cins I: Genç Kızlık Çağı, çev. Bertan Onaran, 7.Baskı, İstanbul: Payel Yayınları
  • Bergen, D. (2009). Gifted children's humor preferences, sense of humor, and comprehension of riddles.
  • Bilgin, N. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde içerik analizi: teknikler ve örnekler çalışmalar. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Brown, W., & Rogan, J. (1983). Reading and young gifted children. Roeper Review, 5(3), 6-9. Card, J. J., Steel, L., & Abeles, R. P. (1980). Sex differences in realization of individual potential for achievement. Journal of vocational behavior, 17(1), 1-21.
  • Cartwright D P (1953) Analysis of Qualitative Material, L. Festinger and D. Katz (eds), Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences , Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 421-470.
  • Cooley, D., Chauvin, J. C., & Karnes, F. A. (1984). Gifted females: A comparison of attitudes by male and female teachers. Roeper Review, 6, 164–167.
  • Çakır, Ö. (2008). Türkiye'de kadının çalışma yaşamından dışlanması. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (31), 25-47.
  • Delaune, A. (2018). Tensions with the term'gifted': New Zealand infant and toddler teachers' perspectives on giftedness. Australasian Journal of Gifted Education, 27(2), 5-15.
  • Geake, J. G., & Gross, M. U. (2008). Teachers' negative affect toward academically gifted students: An evolutionary psychological study. Gifted Child Quarterly, 52(3), 217-231.
  • Gross, M. U. (1999). Small poppies: Highly gifted children in the early years. Roeper review, 21(3), 207-214.
  • Gross, M. U. (2001). Play Partner" or" Sure Shelter"? Why gifted children prefer older friends. In 4th Australasian International Conference on the Education of Gifted Students. Melbourne: August.
  • Gross, M. U. (2009). Highly gifted young people: Development from childhood to adulthood. In International handbook on giftedness (pp. 337-351). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Gürbüz, S., Şahın, F., (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz, 3. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Eddles-Hirsch, K. (2013). Girly girls, tomboys, athletes and nerds: A phenomenological study of social context in the specialised school environment. Scottish Journal of Arts, Social Sciences and Scientific Studies, 17(1).
  • Enarson, E. P. (2012). Women confronting natural disaster: From vulnerability to resilience (p. 245). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Fox, L. (1981). Mathematically able girls: A special challenge. The Arithmetic Teacher, 28(6).
  • Hacker, H. M. (1951). Women as a minority group. Social forces, 60-69.
  • Harrison, C. (1999). Visual representation of the young gifted child. Roeper Review, 21(3).
  • Hollinger, C. L., & Fleming, E. S. (1992). A longitudinal examination of life choices of gifted and talented young women 1. Gifted Child Quarterly, 36(4), 207-212. Janis I L (1949) The Problem of Validating Content Analysis. H.D. Lasswell ve ark (eds), The Language of Politics: Studies in Quantitative Semantics, George Stewart. New York, pp. 55-82. Kapancı, K. B. (2016). Yargıtay'ın “öteki kadın tazminatı” içtihatlarının değerlendirilmesi. Türk Medeni Kanunu'nun 90. Yılında Aile Hukukunu Yeniden Düşünmek Sempozyumu.
  • Kaplan, M., & Kaplan, B. T. (2020). Onlar İçin Durmak Yok, Sürekli Çalışmak Var: Ev Temizliği Endüstrisindeki “Öteki Kadınlar”. PROCEEDINGS E-BOOK, 517.
  • Karnes, F. A., Johnsen, S. K., & Goree, K. (2005). Independent study for gifted learners. Prufrock Press Inc.
  • Klein, A. G., & Zehms, D. (1996). Self‐concept and gifted girls: A cross sectional study of intellectually gifted females in grades 3, 5, 8. Roeper review, 19(1), 30-34.
  • Lee, L. (2000). Teachers conceptions of giftedness: what does it mean for young boys and girls?. Australasian Journal of Gifted Education, 9(2), 24-32.
  • Lee, S. Y., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., Makel, M. C., & Putallaz, M. (2015). Gifted students’ perceptions of an accelerated summer program and social support. Gifted Child Quarterly, 59(4).
  • Lewis, R. B., Kitano, M. K., & Lynch, E. W. (1992). Psychological intensities in gifted adults. Roeper Review, 15(1), 25-31.
  • Lundberg, U., & Frankenhaeuser, M. (1999). Stress and workload of men and women in highranking positions. Journal of occupational health psychology, 4(2), 142.
  • Maddux, C. D., Samples-Lachmann, I., & Cummings, R. E. (1985). Preferences of gifted students for selected teacher characteristics. Gifted Child Quarterly, 29(4), 160-163. Maupin, K. (2014). Cheating, Dishonesty, and Manipulation: Why Bright Kids Do it. Great Potential Press, Incorporated.
  • McCormick, M. E., & Wolf, J. S. (1993). Intervention programs for gifted girls. Roeper Review, 16(2), 85-88.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2015). Qualitative research: Designing, implementing, and publishing a study. In Handbook of research on scholarly publishing and research methods (pp. 125-140). IGI Global.
  • Murphy, E., & Graff, E. J. (2006). Getting even: Why women don't get paid like men--and what to do about it. Simon and Schuster.
  • Morelock, M. J. (1992). Giftedness: The view from within. Understanding our gifted, 4(3), 1.
  • Nochlin, L. (1999). Representing women (p. 272). Nueva York: Thames and Hudson. Parpart, J. L. (1993). Who is the ‘Other ‘?: A postmodern feminist critique of women and development theory and practice. Development and change, 24(3), 439-464.
  • Reis, S. M., & Callahan, C. M. (1989). Gifted females: They've come a long way—or have they?. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 12(2), 99-117.
  • Robinson, N. M. (2008). The social world of gifted children and youth. In Handbook of giftedness in children (pp. 33-51). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Shore, B. M., Chichekian, T., Gyles, P. D., & Walker, C. (2018). Friendships of gifted children and youth: Updated insights and understanding. The Sage Handbook of gifted and talented education.
  • Siegle, D., & Reis, S. M. (1994). Gender differences in teacher and student perceptions of students’ ability and effort. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 6(2), 86–92.
  • Siegle, D., & Reis, S. (1998). Gender differences in teacher and student perceptions of gifted students’ ability and effort. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42, 39–47.
  • Siegle, D., & Reis, S. M. (1998). Gender differences in teacher and student perceptions of gifted students' ability and effort. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42(1), 39-47.
  • Silverman, L. K. (1993). Counseling the gifted and talented. Love Publishing Co., 1777 South Bellaire St., Denver, CO 80222.
  • Solano, C. H. (1976). Teacher and pupil stereotypes of gifted boys and girls.
  • Swiatek, M. A., & Dorr, R. M. (1998). Revision of the Social Coping Questionnaire: Replication and extension of previous findings. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 10(1).
  • Tirri, K., & Nokelainen, P. (2010). The influence of self-perception of abilities and attribution styles on academic choices: Implications for gifted education. Roeper Review, 33(1), 26-32.
  • Tunç-Subaşi, S. (2020). Bir İktidar Aracı Olarak Ev: Geriye Kalan ve Öldüren Cazibe'de" Eril Tahakküm" ve" Öteki Kadınlar". Kadin/Woman 2000, 21(2).
  • Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Dışlanmak. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 5 Mart 2022 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir. van der Sluis, S., Derom, C., Thiery, E., Bartels, M., Polderman, T. J., Verhulst, F. C., ... &
  • Boomsma, D. I. (2008). Sex differences on the WISC-R in Belgium and the Netherlands. Intelligence, 36(1), 48-67.
  • Webb, S. (1891). The alleged differences in the wages paid to men and to women for similar work. The Economic Journal, 1(4), 635-662.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2003). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, N. G, Tutuk, T. (2017). Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklar ve Özel Eğitim. A. Arı ve M. S.
  • Kartal, (Ed.) Tüm Öğretmenlik Programları için Özel Eğitime Giriş içinde (s. 41-65). Eğitim Yayınevi: Konya.
Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 5 - 17, 09.03.2022

Abstract

References

  • Bailey, C. L. (2010). Overexcitabilities and sensitivities: Implications of Dabrowski’s theory of positive disintegration for counseling the gifted. Çevrim-içi: http://counselingoutfitters. com/vistas/vistas10/Article_10. pdf], Erişim tarihi, 13, 2013.
  • Baum, S. (1986). The gifted Preschooler: An awesome delight. G/C/T, 9(4), 42-45.
  • Bayoğlu, F. (2010). Simone de Beauvoir: öteki olarak kadın. Kaygı. Uludağ Üniversitesi FenEdebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, 15, 71-78.
  • Beauvoir, Simone de (1993) Kadın İkinci Cins I: Genç Kızlık Çağı, çev. Bertan Onaran, 7.Baskı, İstanbul: Payel Yayınları
  • Bergen, D. (2009). Gifted children's humor preferences, sense of humor, and comprehension of riddles.
  • Bilgin, N. (2014). Sosyal bilimlerde içerik analizi: teknikler ve örnekler çalışmalar. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Brown, W., & Rogan, J. (1983). Reading and young gifted children. Roeper Review, 5(3), 6-9. Card, J. J., Steel, L., & Abeles, R. P. (1980). Sex differences in realization of individual potential for achievement. Journal of vocational behavior, 17(1), 1-21.
  • Cartwright D P (1953) Analysis of Qualitative Material, L. Festinger and D. Katz (eds), Research Methods in the Behavioral Sciences , Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 421-470.
  • Cooley, D., Chauvin, J. C., & Karnes, F. A. (1984). Gifted females: A comparison of attitudes by male and female teachers. Roeper Review, 6, 164–167.
  • Çakır, Ö. (2008). Türkiye'de kadının çalışma yaşamından dışlanması. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (31), 25-47.
  • Delaune, A. (2018). Tensions with the term'gifted': New Zealand infant and toddler teachers' perspectives on giftedness. Australasian Journal of Gifted Education, 27(2), 5-15.
  • Geake, J. G., & Gross, M. U. (2008). Teachers' negative affect toward academically gifted students: An evolutionary psychological study. Gifted Child Quarterly, 52(3), 217-231.
  • Gross, M. U. (1999). Small poppies: Highly gifted children in the early years. Roeper review, 21(3), 207-214.
  • Gross, M. U. (2001). Play Partner" or" Sure Shelter"? Why gifted children prefer older friends. In 4th Australasian International Conference on the Education of Gifted Students. Melbourne: August.
  • Gross, M. U. (2009). Highly gifted young people: Development from childhood to adulthood. In International handbook on giftedness (pp. 337-351). Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Gürbüz, S., Şahın, F., (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: Felsefe-Yöntem-Analiz, 3. Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Eddles-Hirsch, K. (2013). Girly girls, tomboys, athletes and nerds: A phenomenological study of social context in the specialised school environment. Scottish Journal of Arts, Social Sciences and Scientific Studies, 17(1).
  • Enarson, E. P. (2012). Women confronting natural disaster: From vulnerability to resilience (p. 245). Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Fox, L. (1981). Mathematically able girls: A special challenge. The Arithmetic Teacher, 28(6).
  • Hacker, H. M. (1951). Women as a minority group. Social forces, 60-69.
  • Harrison, C. (1999). Visual representation of the young gifted child. Roeper Review, 21(3).
  • Hollinger, C. L., & Fleming, E. S. (1992). A longitudinal examination of life choices of gifted and talented young women 1. Gifted Child Quarterly, 36(4), 207-212. Janis I L (1949) The Problem of Validating Content Analysis. H.D. Lasswell ve ark (eds), The Language of Politics: Studies in Quantitative Semantics, George Stewart. New York, pp. 55-82. Kapancı, K. B. (2016). Yargıtay'ın “öteki kadın tazminatı” içtihatlarının değerlendirilmesi. Türk Medeni Kanunu'nun 90. Yılında Aile Hukukunu Yeniden Düşünmek Sempozyumu.
  • Kaplan, M., & Kaplan, B. T. (2020). Onlar İçin Durmak Yok, Sürekli Çalışmak Var: Ev Temizliği Endüstrisindeki “Öteki Kadınlar”. PROCEEDINGS E-BOOK, 517.
  • Karnes, F. A., Johnsen, S. K., & Goree, K. (2005). Independent study for gifted learners. Prufrock Press Inc.
  • Klein, A. G., & Zehms, D. (1996). Self‐concept and gifted girls: A cross sectional study of intellectually gifted females in grades 3, 5, 8. Roeper review, 19(1), 30-34.
  • Lee, L. (2000). Teachers conceptions of giftedness: what does it mean for young boys and girls?. Australasian Journal of Gifted Education, 9(2), 24-32.
  • Lee, S. Y., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., Makel, M. C., & Putallaz, M. (2015). Gifted students’ perceptions of an accelerated summer program and social support. Gifted Child Quarterly, 59(4).
  • Lewis, R. B., Kitano, M. K., & Lynch, E. W. (1992). Psychological intensities in gifted adults. Roeper Review, 15(1), 25-31.
  • Lundberg, U., & Frankenhaeuser, M. (1999). Stress and workload of men and women in highranking positions. Journal of occupational health psychology, 4(2), 142.
  • Maddux, C. D., Samples-Lachmann, I., & Cummings, R. E. (1985). Preferences of gifted students for selected teacher characteristics. Gifted Child Quarterly, 29(4), 160-163. Maupin, K. (2014). Cheating, Dishonesty, and Manipulation: Why Bright Kids Do it. Great Potential Press, Incorporated.
  • McCormick, M. E., & Wolf, J. S. (1993). Intervention programs for gifted girls. Roeper Review, 16(2), 85-88.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2015). Qualitative research: Designing, implementing, and publishing a study. In Handbook of research on scholarly publishing and research methods (pp. 125-140). IGI Global.
  • Murphy, E., & Graff, E. J. (2006). Getting even: Why women don't get paid like men--and what to do about it. Simon and Schuster.
  • Morelock, M. J. (1992). Giftedness: The view from within. Understanding our gifted, 4(3), 1.
  • Nochlin, L. (1999). Representing women (p. 272). Nueva York: Thames and Hudson. Parpart, J. L. (1993). Who is the ‘Other ‘?: A postmodern feminist critique of women and development theory and practice. Development and change, 24(3), 439-464.
  • Reis, S. M., & Callahan, C. M. (1989). Gifted females: They've come a long way—or have they?. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 12(2), 99-117.
  • Robinson, N. M. (2008). The social world of gifted children and youth. In Handbook of giftedness in children (pp. 33-51). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Shore, B. M., Chichekian, T., Gyles, P. D., & Walker, C. (2018). Friendships of gifted children and youth: Updated insights and understanding. The Sage Handbook of gifted and talented education.
  • Siegle, D., & Reis, S. M. (1994). Gender differences in teacher and student perceptions of students’ ability and effort. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 6(2), 86–92.
  • Siegle, D., & Reis, S. (1998). Gender differences in teacher and student perceptions of gifted students’ ability and effort. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42, 39–47.
  • Siegle, D., & Reis, S. M. (1998). Gender differences in teacher and student perceptions of gifted students' ability and effort. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42(1), 39-47.
  • Silverman, L. K. (1993). Counseling the gifted and talented. Love Publishing Co., 1777 South Bellaire St., Denver, CO 80222.
  • Solano, C. H. (1976). Teacher and pupil stereotypes of gifted boys and girls.
  • Swiatek, M. A., & Dorr, R. M. (1998). Revision of the Social Coping Questionnaire: Replication and extension of previous findings. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 10(1).
  • Tirri, K., & Nokelainen, P. (2010). The influence of self-perception of abilities and attribution styles on academic choices: Implications for gifted education. Roeper Review, 33(1), 26-32.
  • Tunç-Subaşi, S. (2020). Bir İktidar Aracı Olarak Ev: Geriye Kalan ve Öldüren Cazibe'de" Eril Tahakküm" ve" Öteki Kadınlar". Kadin/Woman 2000, 21(2).
  • Türk Dil Kurumu sözlükleri (t.y.). Dışlanmak. Genel Türkçe sözlüğü içinde. 5 Mart 2022 tarihinde https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden edinilmiştir. van der Sluis, S., Derom, C., Thiery, E., Bartels, M., Polderman, T. J., Verhulst, F. C., ... &
  • Boomsma, D. I. (2008). Sex differences on the WISC-R in Belgium and the Netherlands. Intelligence, 36(1), 48-67.
  • Webb, S. (1891). The alleged differences in the wages paid to men and to women for similar work. The Economic Journal, 1(4), 635-662.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2003). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yıldız, N. G, Tutuk, T. (2017). Özel Gereksinimli Çocuklar ve Özel Eğitim. A. Arı ve M. S.
  • Kartal, (Ed.) Tüm Öğretmenlik Programları için Özel Eğitime Giriş içinde (s. 41-65). Eğitim Yayınevi: Konya.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Burcu Seher Çalıkoğlu

Publication Date March 9, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çalıkoğlu, B. S. (2022). Ötekileştirmenin Öteki Yüzü: Yeteneğin Cinsiyete Karşı Yenilgisi. Dicle Akademi Dergisi, 2(1), 5-17.

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