Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) Curriculum for Internists in Turkey: A Position Paper by the DAHUDER Internal Medicine Society Ultrasound Working Group

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 29.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.56016/dahudermj.1597919

Abstract

Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is the application of ultrasound imaging by clinicians at the point of healthcare delivery. POCUS has been used by emergency medicine physicians and intensivists for a long time, but its use in internal medicine is relatively recent. Around the world, there are many position papers, curricula, and training programs regarding POCUS in internal medicine, but there is no standardized curriculum in Turkey. We aimed to set national standards for internists in the POCUS curriculum.
Methodology: The DAHUDER Internal Medicine Society Ultrasound Working Group convened members to establish the POCUS Internal Medicine curriculum. We conducted a literature search and informal clinician assessment to create a curriculum that meets the needs, demands, and resources of Turkish internists while also guaranteeing its compatibility with international curricula.
Results: We identified ten main domains under the basic and advanced POCUS curriculum as follows: Principles of ultrasound physics, machine basics, thorax imaging, abdominal imaging, cardiac imaging, vascular imaging, thyroid & neck imaging, musculoskeletal imaging, interventional imaging, and approach to clinical scenarios: Protocols. We expect these domains and their content to establish the POCUS imaging standard for internists in Turkey.
Conclusion: We expect the POCUS education curriculum to set standards, increase clinicians' skills, and improve patient care as the ultimate outcome.

Ethical Statement

No ethical approval needed

References

  • Díaz-Gómez JL, Mayo PH, Koenig SJ. Point-of-care ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 2021 Oct 21;385(17):1593-1602. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1916062.
  • Elhassan MG, Grewal S, Nezarat N. Point-of-care ultrasonography in internal medicine: limitations and pitfalls for novice users. Cureus. 2023 Aug;15(8):e43655 . doi:10.7759/cureus.43655.
  • Breitkreutz R, Price S, Steiger HV, Seeger FH, Ilper H, Ackermann H, et al. Focused echocardiographic evaluation in life support and peri-resuscitation of emergency patients: a prospective trial. Resuscitation. 2010 Nov;81(11):1527-33. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.07.013.
  • Kurup AN, Lekah A, Reardon ST, Schmit GD, McDonald JS, Carter RE, et al. Bleeding rate for ultrasound-guided paracentesis in thrombocytopenic patients. J Ultrasound Med. 2015 Oct;34(10):1833-8. doi:10.7863/ultra.15.14.10061.
  • Krackov R, Rizzolo D. Real-time ultrasound-guided thoracentesis. JAAPA. 2017 Apr;30(4):32-7. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000513340.37329.7a.
  • Saugel B, Scheeren TWL, Teboul JL. Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement: a structured review and recommendations for clinical practice. Crit Care. 2017 Aug 28;21(1):225. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1814-y.
  • Ricci V, Ricci C, Gervasoni F, Giulio C, Farì G, Andreoli A, et al. From physical to ultrasound examination in lymphedema: a novel dynamic approach. J Ultrasound. 2022 Sep;25(3):757-763. doi:10.1007/s40477-022-00663-6.
  • Kimura BJ. Point-of-care cardiac ultrasound techniques in the physical examination: better at the bedside. Heart. 2017 Jul;103(13):987-994. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309915.
  • Henning RJ. Handheld ultrasound as an adjunct to physical examination in the diagnosis of cardiopulmonary disease. Future Cardiol. 2022 Jul;18(7):585-600. doi:10.2217/fca-2021-0121.
  • Jackson SS, Le HM, Kerkhof DL, Corrado GD. Point-of-care ultrasound, the new musculoskeletal physical examination. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2021 Feb 1;20(2):109-112. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000811.
  • Neskovic AN, Skinner H, Price S, Via G, De Hert S, Stankovic I, et al. Focus cardiac ultrasound core curriculum and core syllabus of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 May 1;19(5):475-481. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jey019.
  • Torres-Macho J, Aro T, Bruckner I, Cogliati C, Gilja OH, Gurghean A, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound in internal medicine: a position paper by the ultrasound working group of the European Federation of Internal Medicine. Eur J Intern Med. 2020 Mar;73:67-71. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2019.11.016.
  • Olgers TJ, Azizi N, Blans MJ, Bosch FH, Gans ROB, Ter Maaten JC. Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) for the internist in acute medicine: a uniform curriculum. Neth J Med. 2019 Jun;77(5):168-176. doi:10.1007/s12471-019-01289-8.
  • Gaudreau-Simard M, Wiskar K, Kilabuk E, Walsh MH, Sattin M, Wong J, et al. An overview of internal medicine point-of-care ultrasound rotations in Canada. Ultrasound J. 2022 Sep 2;14(1):37. doi:10.1186/s13089-022-00288-0.
  • Badejoko SO, Nso N, Buhari C, Amr O, Erwin JP. Point-of-care ultrasound overview and curriculum implementation in internal medicine residency training programs in the United States. Cureus. 2023 Aug;15(8):e42997 . doi:10.7759/cureus.42997.
  • Reaume M, Siuba M, Wagner M, Woodwyk A, Melgar TA. Prevalence and scope of point-of-care ultrasound education in internal medicine, pediatric, and medicine-pediatric residency programs in the United States. J Ultrasound Med. 2019 Jun;38(6):1433-1439. doi:10.1002/jum.14828.
  • Lichtenstein DA. Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Ann Intensive Care. 2014 Jan 9;4(1):1. doi:10.1186/2110-5820-4-1.
  • Scalea TM, Rodriguez A, Chiu WC, Brenneman FD, Fallon WF, Kato K, et al. Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST): results from an international consensus conference. J Trauma. 1999 Mar;46(3):466-472. doi:10.1097/00005373-199903000-00022.
  • Kirkpatrick AW, Sirois M, Laupland KB, et al. Hand-held thoracic sonography for detecting post-traumatic pneumothoraces: the Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (EFAST). J Trauma. 2004;57(2):288-295. doi:10.1097/01.TA.0000133565.88871.E4.
  • Perera P, Mailhot T, Riley D, Mandavia D. The RUSH exam: Rapid Ultrasound in SHock in the evaluation of the critically ill. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010;28(1):29-vii. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2009.09.010.

Türkiye'deki Dahiliye Uzmanları İçin Bakım Noktası Ultrasonu (POCUS) Müfredatı: DAHUDER Dahiliye Derneği Ultrason Çalışma Grubu Pozisyon Metni

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 29.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.56016/dahudermj.1597919

Abstract

Arka Plan: Bakım noktası ultrasonu (POCUS), klinisyenler tarafından sağlık hizmeti sunumu noktasında ultrason görüntülemenin uygulanmasıdır. POCUS, acil tıp hekimleri ve yoğun bakım uzmanları tarafından uzun süredir kullanılmaktadır, ancak dahiliyede kullanımı nispeten yenidir. Dünya çapında, dahiliyede POCUS ile ilgili birçok görüş bildirisi, müfredat ve eğitim programı bulunmaktadır, ancak Türkiye'de standartlaştırılmış bir müfredat yoktur. POCUS müfredatında dahiliyeciler için ulusal standartlar belirlemeyi amaçladık.

Metodoloji: DAHUDER Dahiliye Derneği Ultrason Çalışma Grubu üyeleri POCUS Dahiliye müfredatını oluşturmak için bir araya geldi. Türkiye'deki dahiliyecilerin ihtiyaçlarını ve taleplerini karşılayıp ve kaynaklarını uygun olan ve aynı zamanda uluslararası müfredatla uyumlu bir müfredat oluşturmak için bir literatür araştırması ve klinisyen değerlendirmesi gerçekleştirdik.

Sonuçlar: Temel ve ileri POCUS müfredatı altında on ana alanı şu şekilde belirledik: Ultrason fiziğinin prensipleri, makine temelleri, toraks görüntüleme, abdominal görüntüleme, kardiyak görüntüleme, vasküler görüntüleme, tiroid ve boyun görüntüleme, kas-iskelet görüntüleme, girişimsel görüntüleme ve klinik senaryolara yaklaşım: Protokoller. Bu alanların ve içeriklerinin Türkiye'deki dahiliyeciler için POCUS görüntüleme standardını oluşturmasını bekliyoruz.

Sonuç: Bu POCUS eğitim müfredatının standartları belirlemesini, klinisyenlerin becerilerini artırmasını ve nihai sonuç olarak hasta bakımını iyileştirmesini bekliyoruz.

References

  • Díaz-Gómez JL, Mayo PH, Koenig SJ. Point-of-care ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 2021 Oct 21;385(17):1593-1602. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1916062.
  • Elhassan MG, Grewal S, Nezarat N. Point-of-care ultrasonography in internal medicine: limitations and pitfalls for novice users. Cureus. 2023 Aug;15(8):e43655 . doi:10.7759/cureus.43655.
  • Breitkreutz R, Price S, Steiger HV, Seeger FH, Ilper H, Ackermann H, et al. Focused echocardiographic evaluation in life support and peri-resuscitation of emergency patients: a prospective trial. Resuscitation. 2010 Nov;81(11):1527-33. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.07.013.
  • Kurup AN, Lekah A, Reardon ST, Schmit GD, McDonald JS, Carter RE, et al. Bleeding rate for ultrasound-guided paracentesis in thrombocytopenic patients. J Ultrasound Med. 2015 Oct;34(10):1833-8. doi:10.7863/ultra.15.14.10061.
  • Krackov R, Rizzolo D. Real-time ultrasound-guided thoracentesis. JAAPA. 2017 Apr;30(4):32-7. doi:10.1097/01.JAA.0000513340.37329.7a.
  • Saugel B, Scheeren TWL, Teboul JL. Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement: a structured review and recommendations for clinical practice. Crit Care. 2017 Aug 28;21(1):225. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1814-y.
  • Ricci V, Ricci C, Gervasoni F, Giulio C, Farì G, Andreoli A, et al. From physical to ultrasound examination in lymphedema: a novel dynamic approach. J Ultrasound. 2022 Sep;25(3):757-763. doi:10.1007/s40477-022-00663-6.
  • Kimura BJ. Point-of-care cardiac ultrasound techniques in the physical examination: better at the bedside. Heart. 2017 Jul;103(13):987-994. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309915.
  • Henning RJ. Handheld ultrasound as an adjunct to physical examination in the diagnosis of cardiopulmonary disease. Future Cardiol. 2022 Jul;18(7):585-600. doi:10.2217/fca-2021-0121.
  • Jackson SS, Le HM, Kerkhof DL, Corrado GD. Point-of-care ultrasound, the new musculoskeletal physical examination. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2021 Feb 1;20(2):109-112. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000811.
  • Neskovic AN, Skinner H, Price S, Via G, De Hert S, Stankovic I, et al. Focus cardiac ultrasound core curriculum and core syllabus of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 May 1;19(5):475-481. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jey019.
  • Torres-Macho J, Aro T, Bruckner I, Cogliati C, Gilja OH, Gurghean A, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound in internal medicine: a position paper by the ultrasound working group of the European Federation of Internal Medicine. Eur J Intern Med. 2020 Mar;73:67-71. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2019.11.016.
  • Olgers TJ, Azizi N, Blans MJ, Bosch FH, Gans ROB, Ter Maaten JC. Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) for the internist in acute medicine: a uniform curriculum. Neth J Med. 2019 Jun;77(5):168-176. doi:10.1007/s12471-019-01289-8.
  • Gaudreau-Simard M, Wiskar K, Kilabuk E, Walsh MH, Sattin M, Wong J, et al. An overview of internal medicine point-of-care ultrasound rotations in Canada. Ultrasound J. 2022 Sep 2;14(1):37. doi:10.1186/s13089-022-00288-0.
  • Badejoko SO, Nso N, Buhari C, Amr O, Erwin JP. Point-of-care ultrasound overview and curriculum implementation in internal medicine residency training programs in the United States. Cureus. 2023 Aug;15(8):e42997 . doi:10.7759/cureus.42997.
  • Reaume M, Siuba M, Wagner M, Woodwyk A, Melgar TA. Prevalence and scope of point-of-care ultrasound education in internal medicine, pediatric, and medicine-pediatric residency programs in the United States. J Ultrasound Med. 2019 Jun;38(6):1433-1439. doi:10.1002/jum.14828.
  • Lichtenstein DA. Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Ann Intensive Care. 2014 Jan 9;4(1):1. doi:10.1186/2110-5820-4-1.
  • Scalea TM, Rodriguez A, Chiu WC, Brenneman FD, Fallon WF, Kato K, et al. Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST): results from an international consensus conference. J Trauma. 1999 Mar;46(3):466-472. doi:10.1097/00005373-199903000-00022.
  • Kirkpatrick AW, Sirois M, Laupland KB, et al. Hand-held thoracic sonography for detecting post-traumatic pneumothoraces: the Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (EFAST). J Trauma. 2004;57(2):288-295. doi:10.1097/01.TA.0000133565.88871.E4.
  • Perera P, Mailhot T, Riley D, Mandavia D. The RUSH exam: Rapid Ultrasound in SHock in the evaluation of the critically ill. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2010;28(1):29-vii. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2009.09.010.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects ​Internal Diseases
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Alper Tuna Güven 0000-0002-6310-4240

Gökhan Tazegül 0000-0002-0737-9450

Sibel Ocak Serin 0000-0002-3830-9527

Nazif Yalçın 0000-0002-0110-0498

Publication Date January 29, 2025
Submission Date December 9, 2024
Acceptance Date December 21, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Güven AT, Tazegül G, Ocak Serin S, Yalçın N (January 1, 2025) Point-of-care Ultrasound (POCUS) Curriculum for Internists in Turkey: A Position Paper by the DAHUDER Internal Medicine Society Ultrasound Working Group. DAHUDER Medical Journal 5 1 1–6.



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