Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

1893’te Kudüs’te Yapılan Evharistik Kongrenin Roma Katolik Kilisesi ile Doğu Katolik Kiliseleri Açısından Önemi

Year 2023, , 359 - 384, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2023.34.2.1262800

Abstract

19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren farklı Hıristiyan mezhepleri ortak zeminde kiliseler arasındaki sorunları görüşmek için bir araya gelmiştir. Bu anlamda 1893 yılında Kudüs’te toplanan evharistik kongre Doğu-Batı Kiliselerinin mevcut durumlarını görebilme ve yaşadıkları sorunları görüşebilmeleri açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Roma Katolik Kilisesi’nin Uniat adı verilen Doğu Katolikleriyle Kudüs merkezli uzlaşı çabalarına yer verilmiştir. Dönem itibariyle Osmanlı topraklarında yer alan Kudüs’te kongrenin yapılıp yapılmaması ile ilgili Osmanlı devlet adamlarının tutumları ve Batı kamuoyunda evharistik kongreye dair algılar ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Fransız menşeli Katolik tarikatları ile Kudüs’teki Latin misyonlarının Doğu Hıristiyanlarının geleneklerine bakışı Kudüs zemininde derinlemesine irdelenmiştir. Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi ile dönemin yabancı gazetelerinin verileri ışığında ele alınan çalışmada evharistik kongrenin süreçleri ve yapılan toplantılar sonrasında Roma Katolik Kilisesi’nin karşılaştığı riskler ve elde ettiği kazanımlar karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır.

References

  • Adiutricem Encyclical Of Pope Leo XIII On The Rosary. Erişim 15 Aralık 2022. https://www. vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_05091895_adiutricem.html google scholar
  • Aubert, Roger vd., History of the Church: The Church in the Industrial Age, ed. Hubert Jedin, John Patrick Dolan, trc. Margit Resch. C IX London: Burns&Oates, 1981. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Bab-ı Asafi Düvel-i Ecnebiye Belgeleri [A.} DVN.DVE.]: 17/48. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Babıali Evrak Odası Belgeleri [BEO]: 141/10514; 141/10515; 143/10691; 160/11988; 161/12064; 162/12088; 163/12201; 189/14120; 195/14610; 195/4611; 201/15024; 219/16358; 244/18233; 258/19282; 291/95; 357/26762; 520/38993. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Cevdet Hariciye Belgeleri [C.HR.]: 156/7800. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Hariciye Nezareti Londra Sefareti Belgeleri [HR.SFR.3.]: 14/5. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Hariciye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi Belgeleri [HR.MKT.]: HR.MKT. 22/1; 23/75; 55/7; 683/18. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Hariciye Nezareti Siyasî Kısmı Belgeleri, [HR.SYS.]: 411/9; 405/42; 408/11; 1189/4; 1305/30; 1768/9; 1768/46; 1768/47; 1769/57; 2933/66. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Hariciye Nezareti Tercüme Odası Belgeleri [HR.TO.]: 538/33; 565/56. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). İrade Dahiliye Belgeleri [İ.DH.]: 1072/84052; 1078/84541. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). İrade Hariciye Belgeleri [İ.HR.]: 327/21188. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). İrade Hususi Belgeleri [İ.HUS.]: 9/34. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). İrâde Meclis-i Mahsus Belgeleri [İ.MMS.]: 9/370. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Mesaili-i Mühimme İradeleri Belgeleri [İ.MSM.]: 32/900. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Sadaret Âmedî Kalemi Belgeleri [A.} MKT.]: 21/36. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Sadaret Hususî Maruzât Evrakı [Y.A.HUS.]: 273/113; 273/147; 273/161; 291/2; 291/95. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Yıldız Perakende Askerî Maruzât Evrakı [Y.PRK.ASK.]: 37/116. google scholar
  • Brauer, Martin. Handbuch der Kardinale: 1846-2012. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2014. google scholar
  • Capelli, Benedetta. “52nd International Eucharistic Congress begins in Budapest”. Erişim 24 Ocak 2023. google scholar
  • Epistola Apostolica SSMI D. N. Leonis XIII AD Principes Populosque Universos, Occasione Sui Iubilaei Episcopalis. Erişim 11 Kasım 2022. https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/la/apost_letters/ documents/hf_l-xiii_apl_18940620_praeclara-gratulationis.html. google scholar
  • Eroğlu, Ahmet Hikmet. “Ekmek-Şarap Ayini (Evharistiya) Konusunda Katolikler ve Protestanlar Arasındaki Anlayış Farklılıkları”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 39 (1999), 439-453. google scholar
  • Fortescue, Adrian. The Uniate Eastern Churches. London: Burns Oates & Washbourne, 1923. google scholar
  • Frazee, Charles A. Katolikler ve Sultanlar Kilise ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 1453-1923, trc. Cemile Erdek. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2009. google scholar
  • Grande Munus Lettera Enciclica Di Sua Santita Leone PP. XIII. Erişim 10 Ekim 2022. https://www vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_30091880_grande-munus.html google scholar
  • Granfield, P. “Paul VI, Pope”. New Catholic Encyclopedia”. C 11 USA: Gale, 2003, 26-33. google scholar
  • Greaves, R. W. “The Jerusalem Bishopric, 1841”. The English Historical Review 64/252 (Temmuz 1949), 328- 352.https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2021-09/international-eucharistic-congress-budapest-bagnasco.html google scholar
  • Ireland, John vd. “Leo XIII., His Work and Influence”. The North American Review 177/562 (September 1903), 321- 364. google scholar
  • Kildani, Hanna. Modern Christianity in the Holy Land. USA: Author House, 2010. google scholar
  • LeMoniteurDeRome. “Bref de S.S. Leon XIII sur le pelerinage Eucharistique a Jerusalem”. Lundi-Mardi 6-7 Fevrier 1893, 30/6. google scholar
  • Le Moniteur De Rome. “Bref de S.S. Leon XIII sur le pelerinage Eucharistique a Jerusalem”. Lundi-Mardi 6-7 Fevrier 1893, 30/7. google scholar
  • Le Moniteur De Rome. “Leon XIII et le pelerinage encharistique de Jerusalem”. Lundi-Mardi 6-7 Fevrier 1893, 30/8. google scholar
  • Le Moniteur De Rome. “Leon XIII et le pelerinage encharistique de Jerusalem”. Mereredi 8 Fevrier 1893, 31/9. google scholar
  • Leca, Cecile. “The Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem - Ten facts about Luigi Piavi”. Erişim 28 Aralık 2022. https://www.lpj.org/posts/the-latin-patriarchs-of-jerusalem-ten-facts-about-luigi-piavi.html google scholar
  • Lentz, Harris M. III. Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. London: Jefferson: McFarland & Company, 2009. google scholar
  • Maggiolini, Paolo. “Changes and Developments of the Latin Patriarchate and the Melkite Catholic Church in the Post-Great War Lands of Palestine and Transjorda”. Social Sciences and Missions 32 (2019) 239-280. google scholar
  • Mayeur, J. M. “Leo XIII, Pope”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. C 8. USA: Gale, 2003, 490-493. google scholar
  • McIntosh, Gillian. “Eucharistic Congress”. Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture. ed. James S. Donnelly. C 1. USA: Macmillan Reference, 2004, 232-233. google scholar
  • Message of Pope Francis To His Holiness Bartholomew I On The Occasion of The Feast of Saint Andrew, Patron Saint of The Ecumenical Patriarchate, Erişim 28 Ocak 2023. https://www. vatican.va/content/francesco/en/messages/pont-messages/2022/documents/20221130-messaggio-bartolomeo.html google scholar
  • Milliyet gazetesi. Temmuz 27, 1967. google scholar
  • Mitchell, N. “Eucharistic Congresses”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. C 5. USA: Gale, 2003, 433-434. google scholar
  • Montefiore, Simon Sebag. Kudüs Bir Şehrin Biyografisi. trc. Cem Demirkan İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları, 2016. google scholar
  • Nicault, Catherine. Kudüs (1850-1948). trc. Estreya Seval Vali. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2001. google scholar
  • O’Mahony, Anthony. “Christianity and Jerusalem: Religion, Politics and Theology in the Modern Holy Land”. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church. 5/2 (July 2005), 86-102. google scholar
  • Riccards, Michael P. Faith and Leadership The Papacy and the Roman Catholic Church. New York: Lexington Books, 2012. google scholar
  • Sun-Times. “Pope, Patriarch Meet, Exchange ‘Kiss of Peace’”. January 6, 1964. google scholar
  • The Society of the Missionaries of Africa (The White Fathers), Erişim 20 Ocak 2023. https://ste-anne-jerusalem.org/en/white-fathers/ google scholar
  • The Times. “The Eastern Churches”. October 26, 1894, 5. google scholar
  • The Times. “The Eucharistic Congress At Jerusalem”. Jun 12, 1893, 5. google scholar
  • Türkan, Ahmet. “Kutsaldan Kurumsallaşmaya Rekabetten Birliğe: Kudüs’te Latin Katolikler”. Kudüs -Din, Toplum, Siyaset-. ed. Ahmet Türkan. İstanbul: GRTC Yayınları, 2020. google scholar
  • Türkan, Ahmet. “Turkey-Vatican Relations from the Ottomans to the Republic”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IJHSS), 5/5 (May 2015), 148-163. google scholar
  • Türkan, Ahmet. XIX. Centuries The Politics Of Living Together And Peace Implemented By Ottoman In Jerusalem With The Rivalities of Church”. II. Uluslararası Dini Araştırmalar ve Küresel Barış Sempozyumu II. Bosna Hersek, 2016, 481-506. google scholar
  • Zengarini, Lisa. “Pope to Bartholomew: Only dialogue and encounter can overcome conflicts”. Erişim 14 Ocak 2022.https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-11/pope-bartholomew-only-dialogue-can-overcome-conflicts.html google scholar

The Importance of the Eucharistic Congress Held in Jerusalem in 1893 for the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches

Year 2023, , 359 - 384, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2023.34.2.1262800

Abstract

In the second half of the nineteenth century, different Christian denominations came together to discuss the problems in common between the churches. In this sense, the 8th International Eucharistic Congress convened in Jerusalem in 1893 is important in terms of determining the current situation of the Eastern and Western churches and discussing their problems. In this study, the efforts on the part of the Roman Catholic Church to reconcile with the Eastern Catholics, called Uniat, based in Jerusalem, are examined. The attitudes of Ottoman statesmen regarding whether or not the congress should be held in Jerusalem, which at the time was located in the Ottoman lands, and the perceptions of the Western public about the eucharistic congress are discussed in detail. How the Catholic sects of French origin and the Latin missions in Jerusalem viewed the traditions of the Eastern Christians are examined in depth in the context of Jerusalem. In the study, which was handled in light of documents from the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives and foreign newspapers of the period, the processes of the eucharistic congress and the risks and gains faced by the Roman Catholic Church after the meetings are discussed comparatively.

References

  • Adiutricem Encyclical Of Pope Leo XIII On The Rosary. Erişim 15 Aralık 2022. https://www. vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_05091895_adiutricem.html google scholar
  • Aubert, Roger vd., History of the Church: The Church in the Industrial Age, ed. Hubert Jedin, John Patrick Dolan, trc. Margit Resch. C IX London: Burns&Oates, 1981. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Bab-ı Asafi Düvel-i Ecnebiye Belgeleri [A.} DVN.DVE.]: 17/48. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Babıali Evrak Odası Belgeleri [BEO]: 141/10514; 141/10515; 143/10691; 160/11988; 161/12064; 162/12088; 163/12201; 189/14120; 195/14610; 195/4611; 201/15024; 219/16358; 244/18233; 258/19282; 291/95; 357/26762; 520/38993. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Cevdet Hariciye Belgeleri [C.HR.]: 156/7800. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Hariciye Nezareti Londra Sefareti Belgeleri [HR.SFR.3.]: 14/5. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Hariciye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi Belgeleri [HR.MKT.]: HR.MKT. 22/1; 23/75; 55/7; 683/18. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Hariciye Nezareti Siyasî Kısmı Belgeleri, [HR.SYS.]: 411/9; 405/42; 408/11; 1189/4; 1305/30; 1768/9; 1768/46; 1768/47; 1769/57; 2933/66. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Hariciye Nezareti Tercüme Odası Belgeleri [HR.TO.]: 538/33; 565/56. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). İrade Dahiliye Belgeleri [İ.DH.]: 1072/84052; 1078/84541. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). İrade Hariciye Belgeleri [İ.HR.]: 327/21188. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). İrade Hususi Belgeleri [İ.HUS.]: 9/34. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). İrâde Meclis-i Mahsus Belgeleri [İ.MMS.]: 9/370. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Mesaili-i Mühimme İradeleri Belgeleri [İ.MSM.]: 32/900. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Sadaret Âmedî Kalemi Belgeleri [A.} MKT.]: 21/36. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Sadaret Hususî Maruzât Evrakı [Y.A.HUS.]: 273/113; 273/147; 273/161; 291/2; 291/95. google scholar
  • Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi (BOA). Yıldız Perakende Askerî Maruzât Evrakı [Y.PRK.ASK.]: 37/116. google scholar
  • Brauer, Martin. Handbuch der Kardinale: 1846-2012. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2014. google scholar
  • Capelli, Benedetta. “52nd International Eucharistic Congress begins in Budapest”. Erişim 24 Ocak 2023. google scholar
  • Epistola Apostolica SSMI D. N. Leonis XIII AD Principes Populosque Universos, Occasione Sui Iubilaei Episcopalis. Erişim 11 Kasım 2022. https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/la/apost_letters/ documents/hf_l-xiii_apl_18940620_praeclara-gratulationis.html. google scholar
  • Eroğlu, Ahmet Hikmet. “Ekmek-Şarap Ayini (Evharistiya) Konusunda Katolikler ve Protestanlar Arasındaki Anlayış Farklılıkları”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 39 (1999), 439-453. google scholar
  • Fortescue, Adrian. The Uniate Eastern Churches. London: Burns Oates & Washbourne, 1923. google scholar
  • Frazee, Charles A. Katolikler ve Sultanlar Kilise ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 1453-1923, trc. Cemile Erdek. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları, 2009. google scholar
  • Grande Munus Lettera Enciclica Di Sua Santita Leone PP. XIII. Erişim 10 Ekim 2022. https://www vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_30091880_grande-munus.html google scholar
  • Granfield, P. “Paul VI, Pope”. New Catholic Encyclopedia”. C 11 USA: Gale, 2003, 26-33. google scholar
  • Greaves, R. W. “The Jerusalem Bishopric, 1841”. The English Historical Review 64/252 (Temmuz 1949), 328- 352.https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2021-09/international-eucharistic-congress-budapest-bagnasco.html google scholar
  • Ireland, John vd. “Leo XIII., His Work and Influence”. The North American Review 177/562 (September 1903), 321- 364. google scholar
  • Kildani, Hanna. Modern Christianity in the Holy Land. USA: Author House, 2010. google scholar
  • LeMoniteurDeRome. “Bref de S.S. Leon XIII sur le pelerinage Eucharistique a Jerusalem”. Lundi-Mardi 6-7 Fevrier 1893, 30/6. google scholar
  • Le Moniteur De Rome. “Bref de S.S. Leon XIII sur le pelerinage Eucharistique a Jerusalem”. Lundi-Mardi 6-7 Fevrier 1893, 30/7. google scholar
  • Le Moniteur De Rome. “Leon XIII et le pelerinage encharistique de Jerusalem”. Lundi-Mardi 6-7 Fevrier 1893, 30/8. google scholar
  • Le Moniteur De Rome. “Leon XIII et le pelerinage encharistique de Jerusalem”. Mereredi 8 Fevrier 1893, 31/9. google scholar
  • Leca, Cecile. “The Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem - Ten facts about Luigi Piavi”. Erişim 28 Aralık 2022. https://www.lpj.org/posts/the-latin-patriarchs-of-jerusalem-ten-facts-about-luigi-piavi.html google scholar
  • Lentz, Harris M. III. Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. London: Jefferson: McFarland & Company, 2009. google scholar
  • Maggiolini, Paolo. “Changes and Developments of the Latin Patriarchate and the Melkite Catholic Church in the Post-Great War Lands of Palestine and Transjorda”. Social Sciences and Missions 32 (2019) 239-280. google scholar
  • Mayeur, J. M. “Leo XIII, Pope”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. C 8. USA: Gale, 2003, 490-493. google scholar
  • McIntosh, Gillian. “Eucharistic Congress”. Encyclopedia of Irish History and Culture. ed. James S. Donnelly. C 1. USA: Macmillan Reference, 2004, 232-233. google scholar
  • Message of Pope Francis To His Holiness Bartholomew I On The Occasion of The Feast of Saint Andrew, Patron Saint of The Ecumenical Patriarchate, Erişim 28 Ocak 2023. https://www. vatican.va/content/francesco/en/messages/pont-messages/2022/documents/20221130-messaggio-bartolomeo.html google scholar
  • Milliyet gazetesi. Temmuz 27, 1967. google scholar
  • Mitchell, N. “Eucharistic Congresses”. New Catholic Encyclopedia. C 5. USA: Gale, 2003, 433-434. google scholar
  • Montefiore, Simon Sebag. Kudüs Bir Şehrin Biyografisi. trc. Cem Demirkan İstanbul: Pegasus Yayınları, 2016. google scholar
  • Nicault, Catherine. Kudüs (1850-1948). trc. Estreya Seval Vali. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2001. google scholar
  • O’Mahony, Anthony. “Christianity and Jerusalem: Religion, Politics and Theology in the Modern Holy Land”. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church. 5/2 (July 2005), 86-102. google scholar
  • Riccards, Michael P. Faith and Leadership The Papacy and the Roman Catholic Church. New York: Lexington Books, 2012. google scholar
  • Sun-Times. “Pope, Patriarch Meet, Exchange ‘Kiss of Peace’”. January 6, 1964. google scholar
  • The Society of the Missionaries of Africa (The White Fathers), Erişim 20 Ocak 2023. https://ste-anne-jerusalem.org/en/white-fathers/ google scholar
  • The Times. “The Eastern Churches”. October 26, 1894, 5. google scholar
  • The Times. “The Eucharistic Congress At Jerusalem”. Jun 12, 1893, 5. google scholar
  • Türkan, Ahmet. “Kutsaldan Kurumsallaşmaya Rekabetten Birliğe: Kudüs’te Latin Katolikler”. Kudüs -Din, Toplum, Siyaset-. ed. Ahmet Türkan. İstanbul: GRTC Yayınları, 2020. google scholar
  • Türkan, Ahmet. “Turkey-Vatican Relations from the Ottomans to the Republic”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IJHSS), 5/5 (May 2015), 148-163. google scholar
  • Türkan, Ahmet. XIX. Centuries The Politics Of Living Together And Peace Implemented By Ottoman In Jerusalem With The Rivalities of Church”. II. Uluslararası Dini Araştırmalar ve Küresel Barış Sempozyumu II. Bosna Hersek, 2016, 481-506. google scholar
  • Zengarini, Lisa. “Pope to Bartholomew: Only dialogue and encounter can overcome conflicts”. Erişim 14 Ocak 2022.https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-11/pope-bartholomew-only-dialogue-can-overcome-conflicts.html google scholar
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ahmet Türkan 0000-0001-9788-5869

Publication Date December 30, 2023
Submission Date March 9, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

Chicago Türkan, Ahmet. “1893’te Kudüs’te Yapılan Evharistik Kongrenin Roma Katolik Kilisesi Ile Doğu Katolik Kiliseleri Açısından Önemi”. Darulfunun Ilahiyat 34, no. 2 (December 2023): 359-84. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2023.34.2.1262800.