Sefer ha-Zohar ve Yahudi Literatüründeki Yeri

Year 2019, , 359 - 382, 31.12.2019

Ravza Aydın

https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2019.30.2.0016

Abstract

Sefer ha-Zohar Kabala literatürünün en önemli eseri olup Tevrat’ın bir tür batınî yorumudur. Mōşe de Leon başkanlığındaki bir grup Kabalacı’nın gayretiyle Orta Çağ’da (13. yüzyıl) ortaya çıkmış ve bu dönemin unsurlarını içeren bir eser olsa da köken itibariyle miladi 2. yüzyılda Filistin’de yaşamış Şimʿôn bar Yôḥay’a hatta Musa Peygamberin Sina Dağı’nda aldığı vahye kadar geriye götürülmektedir. Kadim bir eser olduğu vurgusundan ve üzerine yapılan tefsir çalışmalarından hareketle, Zohar, İbrani dinî yazınında bazı Kabalacı çevrelerde Tevrat ve Talmud statülerinde konumlandırılacak kadar bir değer kazanmıştır. Bu makalede Zohar’ın bir Orta Çağ ürünü olmasına rağmen nasıl zaman içinde bu nitelikleri kazandığı ve bazı Kabalacı çevrelerde Talmud’un ve Tevrat’ın statülerine denk bir eser hâlini aldığının izi sürülmektedir.

Keywords

Kabala, Yahudi mistisizmi, Sefer ha-Zohar, Otorite, Kutsal, Kanon

Sefer ha-Zohar and its Place in Jewish Literature

Abstract

Sefer ha-Zohar (The Book of Splendor) is one of the important works of Kabbalah literature and accepted as a kind of esoteric Midrash of Tora. It appeared in the Middle Ages (13th century) through the efforts of a number of Kabbalists under the presidency of Mōshe de Leon. The book includes many of the the characteristics of that period and is attributed to the tanna Shimʿôn bar Yôhai who lived in Palestine in the 2nd century. Moreover, the Zohar is dated back to the revelation on Mount Sinai. The Zohar has gained a worth equivalent to that of the Tora and Talmud within Jewish religious literature with regard to the emphasis on its antiquity and the exegetic works on it. In the present article, the main concern is to trace the Zohar’s process of being accepted as a work equivalent to the Tora and Talmud in some Kabbalist circles, despite it being a Medieval work.

Keywords

Kabbalah, Jewish Mysticism, Sefer ha-Zohar, ha-Zohar, Authority, Sacred, Canon

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