İslam Hukuku’ndan Paylaşım Meselelerinin Mikroiktisatın Adil Paylaşım Alanına Uyarlanması: Üç Problemin Aksiyomatik Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 35 Issue: 1, 79 - 106, 07.06.2024

Burak Doğan , Sinan Ertemel

https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2022.34.2.1328850

Abstract

Bu çalışmada İslam tarihinden alınan üç mesele mikroiktisatın işbirlikçi oyun teorisi bağlamında adil paylaşım problemi olarak modellenmektedir. Meselelere dönemin hukukçularının sundukları çözümler ile klasik paylaşım kuralları aksiyomatik karakterizasyon yöntemiyle kıyaslanmıştır. Bu kıyaslamayla beraber adil paylaşım aksiyomlarının İslamiliği incelenmiştir. Aksiyomatik yaklaşımla, ünlü İslam hukukçuları Ebu Hanife’nin ve Ebu Yusuf’un belirli bir mesele için önerdikleri çözümler genelleştirilerek kural haline getirilmiştir. Ebu Hanife’nin Münazaa Yöntemi adını verdiğimiz dağıtım yöntemi ile Talmud’ta bahsi geçen Vazgeçileni-ver-kalanı-böl Kuralı’nın; Ebu Yusuf Kuralı diye adlandırdığımız dağıtım yöntemi ile Sınırlandırılmış İbn Ezra Kuralı’nın aksiyomatik olarak eş oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu makale, ilgili mikroiktisat literatürüne İslam hukuku meselelerini ve dağıtım yöntemlerini tanıtır, literatürde yerleşik kural haline gelmiş kurallar için İslami temeller gösterir, dönemin fakihlerinin sunduğu çözümlerin adilliğini aksiyomlar vasıtasıyla ölçmeye çalışır.

Keywords

İslam hukuku, mikroiktisat, adil paylaşım, Ebu Hanife, Ebu Yusuf, İbn Ezra

Adapting Islamic Law Disputes to Fair Division in Microeconomics: An Axiomatic Analysis of Three Problems

Abstract

This study explores the intersection of microeconomic theory and Islamic jurisprudence. We analyze three legal disputes from Islamic history that can be conceived as fair division problems in microeconomics. The solutions proposed by jurists of that time are scrutinized and compared with answers posited by classical division rules. The effected comparisons highlight the similarities and differences between Islamic and conventional economic resolutions. We use the axiomatic approach to define generalizable rules based on the solutions offered by eminent Islamic jurists Abu Hanifa and Abu Yusuf. Our analysis reveals that Abu Hanifa’s methodology and the concede-and-divide rule are identical. Moreover, Abu Yusuf’s approach mirrors the constrained Ibn Ezra rule. We examine the principles characterizing the concede-and-divide and Ibn Ezra rules and find these doctrines compatible with Islamic tenets. In conclusion, our study connects Islamic law with microeconomic theory through its unique exploration of legal disputes perceived through the lens of fair division problems. Our findings contribute to the scholarly understanding of how established division rules can be adapted to align with Islamic values and how Islamic allocation methods can be illustrated using an axiomatic approach.

Keywords

Islamic law, microeconomics, fair division, Abu Hanifa, Abu Yusuf, Ibn Ezra

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