ez-Ziyâde fi'l-karz

Year 2023, Issue: 4, 40 - 62, 30.06.2023

Abdulsalam Al-yacoub

Abstract

إن حفظ الحقوق في الإسلام؛ مبدأ شرعي ثابت لا يغيره تغير الزمان ولا المكان، ومن هذه الحقوق، حفظ المال وتنميته، من أجل ذلك جاءت أحكام الإسلام في المال تدور بين درء المفاسد وجلب المصالح، وتُنزّل على أقسام الحكم الخمسة كل بحسبه. وهذه المقالة تبحث في حكم الزيادة في القرض، بين المشروع والممنوع. وقد قسمتها إلى مبحثين؛ الأول تناولت فيه: تعريف الزيادة، وتعريف القرض، ومشروعيته، وأركانه، وخصائصه، وتناولت في المبحث الثاني: الزيادة في القرض، وشمل عددًا من المطالب وهي: حكم الزيادة المشروطة في القرض عند العقد بطلب من المقرض، وحكم الزيادة في القرض مكافأة من المقترض عند الوفاء، وحكم الزيادة في القرض بحساب نسبة التضخم، وحكم الزيادة في القرض عند عجز المدين عن السداد، وحكم عرض الزيادة من المقترض تشجيعا منه للإقراض، ثم اتبعت ذلك بخاتمة بأهم النتائج. واتبعت في هذه الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي في جمع النصوص من القرآن والسنة، وأقوال الصحابة وآثارهم، ثم عمدت إلى دراسة المذاهب الفقهية ومناقشتها، وتحرير المسائل المتعلقة بالموضوع. وكان من أهم نتائج البحث: جواز احتساب نسبة التضخم زائدة على القرض عند السداد، وجواز عرض الزيادة من المقترض تشجيعا منه للإقراض.

Keywords

الفقه, القرض, الربا, الفائدة, الدَّين, التضخم

ez-Ziyâde fi'l-karz

Abstract

Öz
İslam'da hakların korunması; zamanın veya mekânın değişmesiyle değiştirilemeyecek sabit bir hukuk ilkesidir. İslam’ın güvence altına aldığı haklardan biri de paranın korunması ve yatırımda kullanılması hakkıdır. Bu nedenle İslam'ın parayla ilgili hükümleri; zararları defetme, maslahatları sağlama etrafında şekillenerek ahkâm-ı hamseye (beş kural) uygun biçimde indirilmiştir. İki bölümden oluşan bu makalede, karz bedelinde ziyade yapılmanın, caiz-haram bağlamındaki hükmü tartışıldı. Birinci bölümde; karz tanımı, meşruiyeti, rükünleri, özellikleri ve karz bedel artışı tanımı ele alınırken ikinci bölümde karz bedelindeki ziyade adı altında; akit esnasında mukrizin “borç verenin” anaparadan fazla ödeme yapılmasını şart koşmasının hükmü, geri ödeme sırasında müstakrizin “borç isteyenin” ödül olarak karzın anaparasından fazla ödeme yapmasının hükmü, enflasyon oranı dikkat alınarak anaparadan fazla ödeme yapılmasının hükmü, müstakrizin ödeyememesi halinde karz bedeline artış uygulanmasının hükmü ve karz verilmesini teşvik etmek amacıyla, müstakriz tarafından artış teklif edilmesinin hükmü konuları ele alındı ve varılan önemli sonuçlara makalenin sonunda yer verildi.

Keywords

Fıkıh, Karz, Riba, Faiz, Ziyade, Enflasyon

The Increase on Loan (Qarz)

Abstract

Human rights in Islam is a fundamental principle that can't be changed through any time or place. One of these rights give importance on the financial security and the financial growth. Islamic financial regulations provide benefits and prevent possible harms in financial system. The regulations are divided into five sections. This article illustrates the legality of loan (qarz) interest based on the situation. This issue is mentioned in two parts. The first part covers the definition of the interest, and definition of loan, its legality, principles, and characteristics. The second part of this article states the interest on loan including the legality of conditional interest at the time of loan creditors by creditor, if it was as a present by the borrower at the payday, by counting it based on the inflation rate, late payment, inability of the borrower to close the loan, or motivational move from the borrower to get a loan. In this article, several clues and criterias in the light of the the Quran, Sunnah, and companions quotes and legacies. Then, the four fiqh doctrines are dicussed in the sense of this topic. The main conclusion is that there is a right to calculate the inflation rate that should be added to the loan at the time of payment in case the borrower offers the increase to encourage money lending.

Keywords

Fiqh, Loan, Usury, Interest, Debt, Inflation.

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