Çin’in Orta ve Doğu Avrupa Ülkeleriyle İlişkilerinin Akıllı Güç Kavramı Bağlamında Analizi
Year 2019,
Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 37 - 55, 22.01.2019
Sezgin Kaya
Agil Mammadzade
Abstract
Çalışmada akıllı güç kavramından hareketle Çin’in Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleriyle ilişkileri ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Çin`in küresel girişimi olarak da değerlendirilen Tek Kuşak Tek Yol İnisiyatifi ve bu inisiyatif kapsamına dahil edilen 16+1 (16 Orta ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri ve Çin) platformu incelenmektedir. Yapılan değerlendirmede, söz konusu iş birliği girişimlerinin ekonomiden ticarete, yatırımdan bilime, tarımdan kültüre, nükleer projelerden finansal iş birliğine değin birçok alanı kapsadığı görülmüştür. Çalışmada ayrıca Tek Kuşak Tek Yol İnisiyatifi ve 16+1 iş birliği platformunun yanı sıra Çin`in bölge ülkeleriyle ilişkilerine yön veren dış politika perspektif ve söylemleri de ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Mevcut ve potansiyel iş birliği girişimlerinden ve geleceğe dönük geliştirdiği projelerinden hareketle Çin’in bölge ülkeleriyle ilişkilerini ve akıllı güç uygulama kapasitesini her geçen gün arttırdığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu yönüyle 16+1 platformu Çin’in 2000’li yıllarda hız kazanan küresel bir güç olma arayışıyla uyumlu ve onu tamamlayan bir girişim olarak dikkat çekmektedir.
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Analysis of China's Relations with Central and Eastern European Countries in the Context of Smart Power
Year 2019,
Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 37 - 55, 22.01.2019
Sezgin Kaya
Agil Mammadzade
References
- BİLGİN, Pınar, BERİVAN Eliş (2008), “Hard Power, Soft Power: Toward a More Realistic Power Analysis”, Insight Turkey, Vol 10, No 2, s. 5-20.
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- DEMİRTEPE, Turgut, Hasan Selim Özertem (2013), “Yükselen Tehdit Algısı Karşısında Çin’in Yumuşak Güç Siyaseti: Politikalar ve Sınırlılıkları," Türk Dünyası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (Bilig), Sayı 65, s. 95118.
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- HEYWOOD, Andrew (2012), Siyaset Teorisine Giriş, (Hızır Murat Köse), Küre Yayınları, İstanbul. HEYWOOD, Andrew (2013), Küresel Siyaset, (Nasuh Uslu, Haluk Özdemir), Adres Yayınları, Ankara.
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- NYE Joseph S. (2009), Understanding International Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History, Longman Publishers, USA.
- NYE, Joseph S. (2011a), The Future of Power, Public Affairs Publuishers, New York.
NYE, Joseph S. (2011b), “Power and Foreign Policy”, Journal of Political Power, Vol 4, No1, April, s. 9-24.
- PAVLİĆEVİĆ, Dragan. Xian Jiaotong (2007), "16+1 Promoting Belt and Road Initiative: Challenges and Potential Policy Responses," (ed. Huang Ping, Liu Zuokui), How the 16+1 Cooperation promotes the Belt and Road Initiative, China Social Sciences Press, Beijing.
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- ZHANG, Denghua (2018), "The Concept of ‘Community of Common Destiny’ in China's Diplomacy: Meaning, Motives and Implications," Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, Cilt 5, Sayı 2, s. 196-207.
- ZHANG, Jian (2015), “China's new foreign policy under Xi Jinping: towards ‘Peaceful Rise 2.0’?,” Global Change, Peace & Security, Cilt 27, Sayı 1, s. 5-19.
- ELEKTRONİK KAYNAKLAR
- ARMİTAGE, Richard L. Joseph S. Nye (2007), Comission on Smart Power, Center for Strategic and International Studies: https://carnegieendowment.org/files/csissmartpowerreport.pdf, Erişim: 10.12.2018.
- CHİN, Helen, Fong Lau vs. (2015), The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, Fung Business Intelligence Centre: p. 3. https://www.fbicgroup.com/sites/default/files/The%20Silk%20Roa d%20Economic%20Belt%20and%2021st%20Century%20Maritime%20 Silk%20Road%20MAY%2015.pdf, Erişim: 18.12.2018.
- China Daily (2015), The Belgrade Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/ningbo/201505/29/content_20858754.htm, Erişim: 21.12.2018.
- Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Devlet Konseyi (2017), The Budapest Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, http://english.gov.cn/news/top_news/2017/11/28/content_281475 957618750.htm, Erişim: 22.12.2018.
- Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Devlet Konseyi (2016), The Riga Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, http://english.gov.cn/news/international_exchanges/2016/11/06/c ontent_281475484363051.htm, Erişim: 21.12.2018.
- Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Devlet Konseyi (2018), The Sofia Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, http://english.gov.cn/news/international_exchanges/2018/07/16/c ontent_281476224693086.htm, Erişim: 22.12.2018.
- Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Dış İşleri Bakanlığı (2012), China's Twelve Measures for Promoting Friendly Cooperation with Central and Eastern European Countries, https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/wjbispg_665714 /t928567.shtml, Erişim: 21.12.2018.
- Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Dış İşleri Bakanlığı (2015), The Suzhou Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1318039.shtml, Erişim: 21.12.2018.
- İCEF Monitor (2014), Confucius Institutes expanding rapidly to meet demand for Chinese language skills, http://monitor.icef.com/2014/07/confucius-institutes-expandingrapidly-to-meet-demand-for-chinese-language-skills/, Erişim: 24.12.2018.
- Romanya Cumhuriyeti Başbakanlığı (2013), The Bucharest Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, http://gov.ro/en/news/the-bucharest-guidelines-for-cooperationbetween-china-and-central-and-eastern-european-countries, Erişim: 21.12.2018.
- Statista (2017), Number of Confucius Institutes in Europe as of December 2017. by country, https://www.statista.com/statistics/879243/chinaconfucius-institutes-in-european-countries/, Erişim: 24.12.2018.