Uluslararası Deniz Hukukunda Gemi Sicili Kavramı: Elverişli Bayraklarla Mücadele Boyutu

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 1 - 100, 13.10.2024

Tacettin Çalık

Abstract

Günümüzde, dünya ticaretinin yaklaşık %90'ı deniz yoluyla gerçekleşmektedir. Teknolojideki ilerlemeler, “uzaklık” kavramının anlamını değiştirmiş, denizaşırı yatırımlar artmış ve deniz ticaretinin hacmi sürekli olarak büyümüştür. Bu bağlamda, deniz ticaretinin temel unsurları olan gemilerin etkin bir şekilde denetlenmesi büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Çünkü yeterince denetlenmeyen gemiler, deniz kirliliğine ve deniz ekosistemlerindeki canlı türlerin kaybına neden olabilir. Bu durum, sadece deniz ticaretiyle uğraşanları değil, aynı zamanda gemilerin seyrettiği denizlerin gerçek sahipleri olan tüm insanları ilgilendiren bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bu sorunlarla mücadelede en büyük sorumluluk, geminin siciline kayıtlı olduğu bayrak devletlerine düşmektedir. Bu bakımdan son 50 yılda yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan ve uluslararası deniz ticaretinin geleceğini tehdit eden elverişli bayraklar ile mücadele, uluslararası toplum açısından büyük bir önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

Gemi Sicili, Ulusal Gemi Sicilleri, Elverişli Bayrak, Açık Gemi Sicilleri, 1986 Birleşmiş Milletler Gemilerin Tescil Şartlarına İlişkin Sözleşme

Concept of Ship Registry in International Maritime Law: Fighting Dimension with Flags of Convenience

Abstract

Today, approximately 90% of world trade is carried out over the seas. Advances in technology have changed the meaning of the concept of “distance”, overseas investments have increased and the volume of maritime trade has constantly grown. In this context, effective inspection of ships, which are the basic elements of maritime trade, is of great importance. Because inadequately inspected ships can cause marine pollution and loss of living species in marine ecosystems. This situation has become a problem that concerns not only those engaged in maritime trade, but also all people who are the real owners of the seas where the ships sail. The greatest responsibility in combating these problems falls on the flag states where the ship is registered. In this regard, the fight against flags of convenience, which have been widely used in the last 50 years and threaten the future of international maritime trade, is of great importance for the international community.

Keywords

Ship Registry, National Ship Registries, Flag of Convenience, Open Ship Registries, 1986 United Nations Convention on Conditions for Registration of Ships

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