Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Raylı Sistem Yatırım Kararlarını Etkileyen Ölçütlerin Belirlenmesi: AB ve Türkiye Özelinde Bir Araştırma

Year 2019, Issue: 9, 61 - 78, 31.01.2019

Abstract

Kentlerde toplumsal
etkileşimin doğal sonucu olan sosyo-ekonomik hareketliliğin gittikçe
yoğunlaşması, kent içi ulaşım sistemlerinin yetersizliğine ve trafik
sıkışıklığına neden olmaktadır. Yaşanan bu olumsuzluklar, ulaşım hizmetlerinin
tasarım ve yatırımında çeşitli politikaların geliştirilmesi ihtiyacını doğurmaktadır.
Modern dünyada yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler ışığında kent içi alanlarda ulaşım
ihtiyaçlarına hızlı, verimli ve etkin çözüm sağlamak için toplu taşıma
sistemlerinden biri olan raylı sistem uygulamalarına sıklıkla başvurulmaktadır.
Bu çalışma AB ve Türkiye’de toplu taşım politikaları ve raylı sistem uygulama
örnekleri üzerinden yeni yatırım kararı ölçütlerinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla
yapılmaktadır. Çalışmada AB ve Türkiye özelinde yapılan literatür araştırması
sonucu ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel başlıklar altında raylı sistem
yatırımlarını etkileyen ölçütler incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın ilerleyen
bölümlerinde incelenen bu ölçütler üzerinden geliştirilen kavramlar ile Ankara,
Rize, Erzincan örneklemleri üzerinde kentlerin ulaşım ana planlarındaki veriler
kullanılarak 4 yatırım senaryosu oluşturulmuş ve bu senaryolara göre AHP
yöntemi kullanılarak her kent için yatırımda etkin olabilecek ölçütler
araştırılmıştır.

References

  • Cervero, R. “Effects of Light and Commuter Rail Transit on Land Prices: Experiences in San Diego County,” In Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, 43(1), 2010.
  • Authority, C. M. T. Transit Station Area Market Study. Economics Research Associates. Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2006.
  • Ge, J., MacDonald, H. I., & Ghosh, S. U. M. I. T. A. “Assessing the impact of rail investment on housing prices in north-west Sydney,” In Annual Pacific-Rim Real Estate Society Conference, PRRES, 2012.
  • Benenson, I., Martens, K., Rofé, Y., & Kwartler, A. “Public transport versus private car GIS-based estimation of accessibility applied to the Tel Aviv metropolitan area,” The Annals of Regional Science, 47(3), 2011, pp. 499-515.
  • Cervero, R. “Linking Urban Transport and Land Use in Developing Countries,” Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(1), 2013, pp. 7-24.
  • Ratner, K. A., & Goetz, A. R. “The reshaping of land use and urban form in Denver through transit-oriented development,” Cities, 30, 2013, pp. 31-4.
  • Kheyroddin, R., Taghvaee, A., Forouhar, A. “The Influence of Metro Station Development on Neighbourhood Quality,” International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 2(2), 2014, pp. 64-75.
  • Suzuki, T., & Muromachi, Y. “Empirical analysis on the railroad development impact on local population density in Japan,” Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 8, 2010, pp. 1039-1052.
  • Olivkova, I. “Evaluation of Quality Public Transport Criteria in terms of Passenger Satisfaction”. Transport and Telecommunication Journal, 17(1), 2016, pp. 18-27.
  • Liang, B. “The Developed Country City Public Transportation Policy Evolution History,” DEStech Transactions on Economics and Management, DOI: 10.12783/dtem/iceme-ebm2016/4193, 2016.
  • Ping, Z. X. “Developed Urban Transport Policy Development and Evolution,” IEEE Seventh International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization, 2014, pp. 405-408.
  • Pojani, D. & Stead, D. “Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities,” Sustainability, 7(6), 2015, pp. 7784-7805.
  • Jakimavicius, M. & Burinskiene, M. “Multiple Criteria Assesment of a New Tram Line Development Scenario in Vilnius City Public Transport System,” Transport, 28(4), 2013, pp. 431-437.
  • Düzkaya, H., Ulvi, H., Orman, A. & Sıvat, S. “New Pursuits on Public Transport Policies for Middle-sized Cities in Turkey: Erzincan as an Example Specific to Rail Systems,” In ERUSIS 4th Symposium on Electrical Railway Transportation Systems, 2017, pp. 7-12.
  • Jain, S., Aggarwal, P., Kumar, P., Singhal, S. & Sharma, P. “Identifying Public Preferences Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Assessing The Shift of Urban Commuters from Private to Public Transport: A Case Study of Delhi,” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 24, 2014, pp. 60-70.
  • Santos, G., Behrendt, H., Maconi, L., Shirvani, T. & Teytelboym, A. “Part I: Externalities and Economic Policies in Road Transport,” Research in Transportation Economics, 28(1), 2010, pp. 2-45.
  • Union Nations. Our Common Future, From One Earth to One World. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Oslo, Norway, 1987.
  • Haghshenas, H., & Vaziri, M. “Urban sustainable transportation indicators for global comparison,” Ecological Indicators, 15(1), 2012, pp. 115-121.
  • Kenworthy, J. R. “The Eco-City: Ten Key Transport and Planning Dimensions for Sustainable City Development,” Environment and Urbanization, 18(1), 2006, pp. 67-85.
  • Litman, T. “Sustainable Transportation Indicators: A Recommended Research Program For Developing Sustainable Transportation Indicators and Data,” Sustainable Transportation Indicators Subcommittee of the Transportation Research Board (ADD40/1), 2008.
  • Litman, T. “Rail transit in America: a comprehensive evaluation of benefits,” Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2015.
  • Egmond, V.D., Nijkamp, P. & Vindigni, G. A “Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Urban Public Transport System in Europe,” ISSJ International Social Science Journal, 176, 2003, pp. 235-247.
  • Obermauer, A. “National Railway Reform in Japan and the EU: Evaluation of Institutional Changes” Japan railway & Transport Review, 29, 200, pp. 24-31.
  • Amsler, Y. “UITP and European Rail Legislation impacting local rail networks (Urban, suburban and regional),” International Association of Public Transport, Brussels, Belgium, 2008.
  • Babalık-Sutcliffe, E. “Urban Rail Systems: Analysis of the Factors behind Success,” Transport Reviews, 22(4), 2002, pp. 415-447.
  • Britain, G. “Creating Growth, Cutting Carbon: Making Sustainable Local Transport Happen,” Department for Transport, 2011.
  • European Commission, White Paper on Transport: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System, Brussels, Belgium. 2011.
  • Turkish State Railways, “Turkish State Railways Annual Statistics (2009-2013),” Research Planning & Coordination Department Statistics Office, Ankara, Turkey, 2013.
  • Loo, B.P.L. & Comtois, C. (Eds.), Railway Renaissance: Issues and Challenges. Ashgate Transport and Mobility Research Monograph, Farnham, Surrey, 2015.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Uzun Vadeli Strateji ve Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 2001-2005. DPT, Ankara, Turkey, 2000.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Dokuzuncu Kalkınma Planı 2007-2013. DPT, Ankara, Turkey,2007.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Onuncu Kalkınma Planı 2014-2018. TCKB, Ankara, Turkey, 2013.
  • Zak, J. “The methodology of multiple criteria decision making/aiding in public transportation” Journal of Advanced Transportation, 45(1), 2011, pp. 1-20.
  • Sun, Y., Guo, Q., Schonfeld, P., & Li, Z. “Evolution of public transit modes in a commuter corridor,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 75, 2017, pp. 84-102.
  • Kim, G., & Han, S. “Comparative analysis of transportation sustainability in OECD countries,” Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 9, 2011, pp. 82-97.
  • Cox, W., & Duthion, B. “Competition in Urban Public Transport: A World View.” 7th International Conference on Competition and Ownership of Land Passenger Transport, 2001.
  • Van Der Loop, J.T.A. & De Jong, G.C. “What is the Best Public Transport System? An Instrument to Compare Urban Public Transport Systems Using Transportational, Environmental and Social Criteria,” Transaction on the Built Environment, 30, 1997, pp. 205-213.[38] Alexandersson, G., Hultén, S., Nilsson, J. E., & Pyddoke, R. The liberalization of railway passenger transport in Sweden: outstanding regulatory challenges, 2012.
  • Alpkokin, P., Kiremitci, S. T., Black, J. A., & Cetinavci, S. “LRT and street tram policies and implementation in turkish cities,” Journal of Transport Geography, 54, 2016, pp. 476-487.
  • Türkiye Belediyeler Birliği, Ulaşım Planlama Çalışmaları ve Ulaşım Ana Planı Hazırlama Kılavuzu, TBB Yayınları, Ankara, Turkey, 2014.
  • Orman, A., Düzkaya, H., Ulvi, H., & Akdemir, F. “Multi-Criteria Evaluation by Means of Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process in Transportation Master Plans: Scenario Selection in the Transportation Master Plan of Ankara,” Gazi University Journal of Science, 31(2), 2018.
  • UTTAC, AUAP Plan Raporu, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2014.
  • UTTAC, EUAP Plan Raporu Cilt 2, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2016.
  • UTTAC, RUAP Plan Raporu, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2018.
  • Göçer, K., & Çıracı, H. “Türkiye'de Kentlerin Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Göstergeleri Arasındaki İlişki,” İTÜ Dergisi/A, 2(1), 2011.
  • Arı, A., & Zeren, F. “CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi,” Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 2011, pp. 37-47.
  • Duvarcı Y., Selvi, Ö., Günaydın H.M. ve Gür G. “İzmir’deki Ulaştırma Projelerinin Kentsel Eğilimlere Etkileri.” İMO Teknik Dergi, 2008, pp. 4293-4318.
  • Yankaya, U. Ve Çelik H.M. “İzmir Metrosunun Konut Fiyatları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Hedonik Fiyat Yöntemi İle Modellenmesi,”DEÜ İİBF Dergisi, 20(2), 2005, pp. 61-79.
Year 2019, Issue: 9, 61 - 78, 31.01.2019

Abstract

References

  • Cervero, R. “Effects of Light and Commuter Rail Transit on Land Prices: Experiences in San Diego County,” In Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, 43(1), 2010.
  • Authority, C. M. T. Transit Station Area Market Study. Economics Research Associates. Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2006.
  • Ge, J., MacDonald, H. I., & Ghosh, S. U. M. I. T. A. “Assessing the impact of rail investment on housing prices in north-west Sydney,” In Annual Pacific-Rim Real Estate Society Conference, PRRES, 2012.
  • Benenson, I., Martens, K., Rofé, Y., & Kwartler, A. “Public transport versus private car GIS-based estimation of accessibility applied to the Tel Aviv metropolitan area,” The Annals of Regional Science, 47(3), 2011, pp. 499-515.
  • Cervero, R. “Linking Urban Transport and Land Use in Developing Countries,” Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(1), 2013, pp. 7-24.
  • Ratner, K. A., & Goetz, A. R. “The reshaping of land use and urban form in Denver through transit-oriented development,” Cities, 30, 2013, pp. 31-4.
  • Kheyroddin, R., Taghvaee, A., Forouhar, A. “The Influence of Metro Station Development on Neighbourhood Quality,” International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 2(2), 2014, pp. 64-75.
  • Suzuki, T., & Muromachi, Y. “Empirical analysis on the railroad development impact on local population density in Japan,” Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 8, 2010, pp. 1039-1052.
  • Olivkova, I. “Evaluation of Quality Public Transport Criteria in terms of Passenger Satisfaction”. Transport and Telecommunication Journal, 17(1), 2016, pp. 18-27.
  • Liang, B. “The Developed Country City Public Transportation Policy Evolution History,” DEStech Transactions on Economics and Management, DOI: 10.12783/dtem/iceme-ebm2016/4193, 2016.
  • Ping, Z. X. “Developed Urban Transport Policy Development and Evolution,” IEEE Seventh International Joint Conference on Computational Sciences and Optimization, 2014, pp. 405-408.
  • Pojani, D. & Stead, D. “Sustainable Urban Transport in the Developing World: Beyond Megacities,” Sustainability, 7(6), 2015, pp. 7784-7805.
  • Jakimavicius, M. & Burinskiene, M. “Multiple Criteria Assesment of a New Tram Line Development Scenario in Vilnius City Public Transport System,” Transport, 28(4), 2013, pp. 431-437.
  • Düzkaya, H., Ulvi, H., Orman, A. & Sıvat, S. “New Pursuits on Public Transport Policies for Middle-sized Cities in Turkey: Erzincan as an Example Specific to Rail Systems,” In ERUSIS 4th Symposium on Electrical Railway Transportation Systems, 2017, pp. 7-12.
  • Jain, S., Aggarwal, P., Kumar, P., Singhal, S. & Sharma, P. “Identifying Public Preferences Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making for Assessing The Shift of Urban Commuters from Private to Public Transport: A Case Study of Delhi,” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 24, 2014, pp. 60-70.
  • Santos, G., Behrendt, H., Maconi, L., Shirvani, T. & Teytelboym, A. “Part I: Externalities and Economic Policies in Road Transport,” Research in Transportation Economics, 28(1), 2010, pp. 2-45.
  • Union Nations. Our Common Future, From One Earth to One World. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Oslo, Norway, 1987.
  • Haghshenas, H., & Vaziri, M. “Urban sustainable transportation indicators for global comparison,” Ecological Indicators, 15(1), 2012, pp. 115-121.
  • Kenworthy, J. R. “The Eco-City: Ten Key Transport and Planning Dimensions for Sustainable City Development,” Environment and Urbanization, 18(1), 2006, pp. 67-85.
  • Litman, T. “Sustainable Transportation Indicators: A Recommended Research Program For Developing Sustainable Transportation Indicators and Data,” Sustainable Transportation Indicators Subcommittee of the Transportation Research Board (ADD40/1), 2008.
  • Litman, T. “Rail transit in America: a comprehensive evaluation of benefits,” Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2015.
  • Egmond, V.D., Nijkamp, P. & Vindigni, G. A “Comparative Analysis of the Performance of Urban Public Transport System in Europe,” ISSJ International Social Science Journal, 176, 2003, pp. 235-247.
  • Obermauer, A. “National Railway Reform in Japan and the EU: Evaluation of Institutional Changes” Japan railway & Transport Review, 29, 200, pp. 24-31.
  • Amsler, Y. “UITP and European Rail Legislation impacting local rail networks (Urban, suburban and regional),” International Association of Public Transport, Brussels, Belgium, 2008.
  • Babalık-Sutcliffe, E. “Urban Rail Systems: Analysis of the Factors behind Success,” Transport Reviews, 22(4), 2002, pp. 415-447.
  • Britain, G. “Creating Growth, Cutting Carbon: Making Sustainable Local Transport Happen,” Department for Transport, 2011.
  • European Commission, White Paper on Transport: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System, Brussels, Belgium. 2011.
  • Turkish State Railways, “Turkish State Railways Annual Statistics (2009-2013),” Research Planning & Coordination Department Statistics Office, Ankara, Turkey, 2013.
  • Loo, B.P.L. & Comtois, C. (Eds.), Railway Renaissance: Issues and Challenges. Ashgate Transport and Mobility Research Monograph, Farnham, Surrey, 2015.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Uzun Vadeli Strateji ve Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı 2001-2005. DPT, Ankara, Turkey, 2000.
  • Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı, Dokuzuncu Kalkınma Planı 2007-2013. DPT, Ankara, Turkey,2007.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkınma Bakanlığı, Onuncu Kalkınma Planı 2014-2018. TCKB, Ankara, Turkey, 2013.
  • Zak, J. “The methodology of multiple criteria decision making/aiding in public transportation” Journal of Advanced Transportation, 45(1), 2011, pp. 1-20.
  • Sun, Y., Guo, Q., Schonfeld, P., & Li, Z. “Evolution of public transit modes in a commuter corridor,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 75, 2017, pp. 84-102.
  • Kim, G., & Han, S. “Comparative analysis of transportation sustainability in OECD countries,” Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 9, 2011, pp. 82-97.
  • Cox, W., & Duthion, B. “Competition in Urban Public Transport: A World View.” 7th International Conference on Competition and Ownership of Land Passenger Transport, 2001.
  • Van Der Loop, J.T.A. & De Jong, G.C. “What is the Best Public Transport System? An Instrument to Compare Urban Public Transport Systems Using Transportational, Environmental and Social Criteria,” Transaction on the Built Environment, 30, 1997, pp. 205-213.[38] Alexandersson, G., Hultén, S., Nilsson, J. E., & Pyddoke, R. The liberalization of railway passenger transport in Sweden: outstanding regulatory challenges, 2012.
  • Alpkokin, P., Kiremitci, S. T., Black, J. A., & Cetinavci, S. “LRT and street tram policies and implementation in turkish cities,” Journal of Transport Geography, 54, 2016, pp. 476-487.
  • Türkiye Belediyeler Birliği, Ulaşım Planlama Çalışmaları ve Ulaşım Ana Planı Hazırlama Kılavuzu, TBB Yayınları, Ankara, Turkey, 2014.
  • Orman, A., Düzkaya, H., Ulvi, H., & Akdemir, F. “Multi-Criteria Evaluation by Means of Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process in Transportation Master Plans: Scenario Selection in the Transportation Master Plan of Ankara,” Gazi University Journal of Science, 31(2), 2018.
  • UTTAC, AUAP Plan Raporu, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2014.
  • UTTAC, EUAP Plan Raporu Cilt 2, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2016.
  • UTTAC, RUAP Plan Raporu, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2018.
  • Göçer, K., & Çıracı, H. “Türkiye'de Kentlerin Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Göstergeleri Arasındaki İlişki,” İTÜ Dergisi/A, 2(1), 2011.
  • Arı, A., & Zeren, F. “CO2 Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi,” Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 2011, pp. 37-47.
  • Duvarcı Y., Selvi, Ö., Günaydın H.M. ve Gür G. “İzmir’deki Ulaştırma Projelerinin Kentsel Eğilimlere Etkileri.” İMO Teknik Dergi, 2008, pp. 4293-4318.
  • Yankaya, U. Ve Çelik H.M. “İzmir Metrosunun Konut Fiyatları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Hedonik Fiyat Yöntemi İle Modellenmesi,”DEÜ İİBF Dergisi, 20(2), 2005, pp. 61-79.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Article
Authors

Hilal Kutlu 0000-0002-5771-8924

Hayri Ulvi 0000-0003-2988-6215

Furkan Akdemir This is me 0000-0003-0964-338X

Publication Date January 31, 2019
Submission Date December 27, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 9

Cite

IEEE H. Kutlu, H. Ulvi, and F. Akdemir, “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Raylı Sistem Yatırım Kararlarını Etkileyen Ölçütlerin Belirlenmesi: AB ve Türkiye Özelinde Bir Araştırma”, Demiryolu Mühendisliği, no. 9, pp. 61–78, January 2019.