Side effects of some pesticides on the silverleaf whitefly’s parasitoid, Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) under laboratory conditions

Abstract

The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of major pests in greenhouses vegetable cultivation. Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) has an important role among effective parasitoids used in biological control of the silverleaf whitefly. Nondestructive or less destructive pesticides against this parasitoid should be preferred in the scope of biological control. For this goal, side effects of 8 plant protection products, including spinosad, pyriproxyfen, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, copper oxychloride, kresoxim-methyl+boscalid, dimethoate and propineb+cymoxanil on pupae and adults of E. mundus were tested in this laboratory study conducted according to IOBC standards. As a result, pesticides containing spinosad, abamectin and dimethoate were determined as highly destructive to pupae and adults of E. mundus, and pesticide containing emamectin benzoate was found as moderately harmful. As for propineb+cymoxanil, pyriproxyfen, kresoxim-methyl+boscalid and copper oxychloride, they were determined as ineffective on the parasitoid under laboratory conditions. These results obtained from experiments that were conducted under laboratory conditions also have to be supported by field or semi-field experiment’s results.

Keywords

• Eretmocerus mundus; Greenhouse; Biological control; IOBC; Side effect

Bazı ilaçların laboratuvar koşullarında, tütün beyazsineği parazitoiti Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)’a karşı yan etkileri

Abstract

Örtüaltı sebze yetiştiriciliğinde, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) en önemli zararlılardan biridir. Tütün beyazsineğine karşı biyolojik mücadelede etkin olarak kullanılan parazitoitler arasında Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) önemli bir yer almaktadır. Eretmocerus mundus ile yapılan biyolojik mücadelede, bu parazitoite zarar vermeyen veya en az zarar veren pestisitler tercih edilmelidir. Bu kapsamda, IOBC standartlarına göre laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, E. mundus’un pupa ve ergin bireylerine spinosad, pyriproxyfen, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, bakıroksiklorür, kresoxim-methyl+boscalid, dimethoate ve propineb+cymoxanil olmak üzere 8 bitki koruma ürününün yan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, spinosad, abamectin ve dimethoate aktif maddeli pestisitlerin E. mundus’un erginlerine ve pupalarına yüksek düzeyde, emamectin benzoate içeren pestisitin ise orta düzeyde zararlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Propineb+cymoxanil, pyriproxyfen, kresoxim-methyl+boscalid ve bakıroksiklorür’ün ise laboratuvar koşullarında zararsız olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Laboratuvar koşullarında yapılan bu denemeden elde edilen sonuçlar, yarı tarla veya tarla denemelerinden elde edilecek sonuçlar ile desteklenmelidir.

Keywords

• Eretmocerus mundus; Örtüaltı; Biyolojik mücadele; IOBC; Yan etki

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