Resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in tomato: Mi gene and occurrence of virulent populations

Abstract

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most important agricultural pests that cause serious yield losses in tomato. Resistant tomato cultivars have commonly been used in both conventional and organic agriculture. In tomato, resistance to three most prevalent species of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, is controlled by the Mi-1 gene. However, there are two major limiting factors for efficiency of Mi-1 gene: High soil temperature and occurrence of resistance-breaking (virulent) populations. These populations can emerge either naturally or after repeated exposure on tomatoes with Mi-1 gene. This review summarizes information on some strategies to prevent the emergence of virulent populations and to preserve the durability of plant resistance to Mi-1 gene.

Keywords

• Mi gene; Resistance; Root-knot nematode; Tomato; Virulent

Domateste kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.)’na dayanıklılık: Mi geni ve virülent populasyon oluşumu

Abstract

Kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.) domateste ciddi verim kayıplarına neden olan en önemli tarımsal zararlılardan biridir. Dayanıklı domates çeşitleri hem geleneksel hem de organik tarımda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Domateste, kök-ur nematodunun en  yaygın 3 türüne (Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica) dayanıklılık Mi-1 geni tarafından kontrol edilmektedir.  Bununla birlikte, Mi-1 geninin etkinliğini sınırlandıran başlıca iki faktör bulunmaktadır: yüksek toprak sıcaklığı ve dayanıklılığı kıran (virulent) popülasyonların görülmesi. Bu popülasyonlar ya doğal olarak ya da Mi-1 geni taşıyan domates çeşitlerinin uzun süre yetiştirilmesiyle seleksiyon sonucunda ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu derlemede, Mi-1 geni ve virulent popülasyon oluşumu yanı sıra dayanıklılığın sürekliliğini sağlamak ve virulent popülasyon oluşumunu engellenmek için gerekli bazı stratejiler hakkındaki bilgiler özetlenerek verilmiştir.  

Keywords

• Mi geni; Dayanıklılık; Kök-ur nematodu; Domates; Virulent

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