Effects of different product design and the thermal death of potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) on the concentration of inoculum in the soil

Abstract

This study investigated changes in the amount of sporangium of Synchytrium endobioticum causing Potato Wart Disease by years and cultivated crop design in the districts of Derinkuyu in Niğde province and Kaymakli in Nevsehir for three-years. The experiment was carried out in total of 28 fields selected 16 from the district of Derinkuyu and 12 from Kaymaklı between 2006-2008.  In the study it was tried to sample from different production areas and the concentration of the inoculum in the soil was tried to be determined according to the years and the crop designs. There was no correlation between the rates of increase or decrease in the level of sporangium and crop design in the survey studies. The contaminated soil samples which were kept in six different temperatures ranging from 45-70 °C and varying durations depending on temperatures were examined in order to determine the mortality rates of the winter sporangium of Synchytrium endobioticum at different temperatures and durations. 100% sporangium death was observed in the duration of 204 hours at 60ºC, 34 hours at 65ºC and 8 hours at 70ºC in the experiments conducted in order to determine the temperature of thermal death and mortality rates.

Keywords

• Winter sporangium,Potato wart disease,Thermal death,Crop design

Patates siğil hastalığı etmeni (Synchytrium endobioticum)’nin termal ölüm derecesi ve farklı ürün desenlerinin topraktaki inokulum yoğunluğuna etkileri

Abstract

Çalışmada, Patates Siğil Hastalığının (Synchytrium endobioticum) Niğde ili Derinkuyu ve Nevşehir ili Kaymaklı ilçelerinde yıllara ve ekili ürün desenine göre sporangium miktarlarındaki değişiklikler araştırılmıştır. Denemeler, 2006-2008 yılları arasında, Derinkuyu ilçesinde 16 ve Kaymaklı ilçesinde 12 olmak üzere toplam 28 adet tarlada yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, farklı ürün desenlerinin olduğu tarlalardan örnekleme yapmaya dikkat edilmiş ve topraklardaki inokulum yoğunluğunun yıllara ve ürün desenine göre değişiklikleri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sörvey çalışmalarında ürün deseni ile sporangium seviyesindeki artış ve azalış oranları arasında herhangi bir ilişki gözlenmemiştir. Hastalıkla mücadelede sıcaklık uygulamalarının kullanımı ve etmenin biyolojisine yönelik olarak yürütülen çalışmada, etmenin kışlık sporangiumlarının farklı sıcaklık ve sürelerdeki ölüm oranlarını belirlemek amacıyla 45-70ºC arasında değişen 6 farklı sıcaklık ile çalışılmıştır. Termal ölüm sıcaklığını ve ölüm oranlarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılan denemelerde 60ºC’de 204 saat, 65ºC’de 34 saat ve 70ºC’de 8 saat sürede %100 sporangium ölümü gerçekleşmiştir.

Keywords

• Kışlık sporangium,Patates siğil hastalığı,Termal ölüm,Ürün deseni

References

1. Anonymous (2007). Recovery Plan for Potato Wart Disease. http://www.ars.usda.gov/. Accessed date: 06 February, 2017.
2. Baayen, R. P., Cochıus, G., Hendriks., Meffert, J. P., Bakker, J., & Bekker, M. (2006). History of potato wart disease in Europe – a proposal for harmonisation in defining pathotypes. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 116(1): 21-31.
3. Bojnansky, V. (1984). Potato wart pathotypes in Europe from an ecological point of view. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 14(2): 141-146.
4. Bora, T., & Karaca, İ. (1970). Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalığın ve Zararın Ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı, No: 167, İzmir.
5. Efremko, T.S., & Yakoleva, V.A. 1981. Disinfection of waste products of potato processing indistries against Synchytrium endobioticum. Mykologia i Fitopatologiya, 15:501-504.
6. EPPO (1999). EPPO Standards PM 3/59. Synchytrium endobioticum: Soil Tests and Descheduling of Previously Insfested Plots. OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 29: 225–231.
7. FAO (2014). http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/home. Accessed date: 02 February, 2017.
8. Hampson, M.C. (1981). Potato sprouts and potato wart disease. Canadian Agriculture, 26(3):30-31.

9. Hampson, M.C. (1993). History, biology and control of potato wart disease in Canada. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathologi, 15(4): 223-244.
10. Hampson, M. C. (1996). A qulitative assessment of wind dispersal of resting spores of Synchytrium endobioticum the causal agent of wart disease of potato. Plant Disease, 80(7):779-782.
11. Hampson, M.C., & Haard, N.F. 1980. Pathogenesis of Synchytrium endobioticum: 1. Infection responses in potato and tomato. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 2(3):143-147.
12. Katan, J. (1980). Solar pasterization of soils for diseases control: status and prospects. Plant Disease, 64(5):450-454.
13. Katan, J. (1989). Soil Solarization: present status and future projects. Internal Symposium on New Applications of Solar Energy in Agriculture, No:1.
14. Langerfeld, E. (1984). Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. Zusammenfassende Darstellung Des Erregers Des Kartoffelkrebses Anhand Von Literaturberichten Mitteilungen Aus Der Biologischen Bundesanstalt Für Land-Und Forstwirtschaft. Berlin-Dahlem 219:1–142 (in German).
15. Laidlaw, W.M.R. (1985). A Method fort he Detection of the resting sporangia of the potato wart disease (Synchytrium endobioticum) in the soil of old outbreak sites. Potato Research, 28(2):223-232.
16. Melnik, P.A. (1998). Wart Disease of Potato, Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc. Eppo Technical Documents No. 1032. Eppo, Paris.
17. Mygind, H. (1954). Methods for the detection of resting sporangia of potato wart: Synchytrium endobioticum in infested soil. Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, 4(1):317-343.
18. Nelson, G.A., & Olsen, O.A. (1964). Methods for estimating numbers of resting sporangia of Synchytrium endobioticum in soil. Phytopathology, 54(2):185-186.
19. Noble, R., & Roberts, S.R. (2004). Eradication of plant pathogens and nematodes during composting: A review. Plant Pathology, 53(5):548-568.
20. Pratt, M.A. (1976). A wet-sieving and flotation technique for the detection of resting sporangia of Synchytrium endobioticum in soil. Annals of Applied Biology, 82(1):21-29.
21. Pullman, G. S., De Vay, J. E., Garber, R. H., & Weinhold, A. R. (1981). Soil solarization and thermal death:A logarithmic relationship between time and temperature for four soilborne plant pathogens. Phytopathology 71:959-964.
22. Stapleton, J.J., & De Vay, J.E. (1986). Soil solarization: a nonchemical approach for management of plant pathogens and pest. Crop Protection, 5(3):190-198.
23. Stevenson, W.R., Loria, R., Franc, G.D., & Weingartner. (2001). Compendium of Potato Diseases. 2nd Edition, New York: Mcgraw-Hill, pp.
24. Wallace, S., & Favrin, R. (1998). Canadian Food Inspection Agency-Plant Pest Information www.inspection.g.c.ca.Accessed date:12.07.2014
25. Weiss, F.A., (1922). Conditions of Infection in Potato Wart. PhD Thesis, Cornell University, New York.
26. Zelya, A.G., & Melnik, P.A. (1998). Detections Metods for Synchytrium endobioticum. EPPO Bulletin, 28(4):543-544.