Principles of drip irrigation management in vegetable production

Abstract

Because drip irrigation normally supplies water to a specific part of the soil volume occupied by plant, limited areas to be wetted in soil volume near each emitter or along each lateral line. This is an important context for irrigation system design, operation and management and cultural practices management. Therefore, this characteristic must be taken into consideration for appropriate management of vegetable drip irrigation systems with knowledge requires including of soil hydraulic characteristics, plant growth and water use characteristics and evaporative demand. The irrigation schedule must integrate these features and conform to existing irrigation system and cultural constraits. Additionally, irrigation management program must be coupled with the fertilizer management program to avoid excessive water applications that leach plant nutrients in soil.

Keywords

• Drip irrigation; Vegetable production; Irrigation scheduling

Sebze üretiminde damla sulama yönetiminin temel ilkeleri

Abstract

Damla sulama, normal olarak suyu tüm toprak hacminin bitkinin bulunduğu belirli bir bölümüne verdiğinden,  her damlatıcının yakınında veya bir lateral hat boyunca sınırlı bir toprak hacmi ıslatılır. Bu; sulama sisteminin tasarımı, işletimi ve yönetimi ile kültürel uygulamaların yönetimi açılarından göz önünde tutulması gereken önemli bir konu olup, sebze yetiştiriciliğinde damla sulama sistemlerinin uygun yönetimi için gerek duyulan; toprağın hidrolik özellikleri, bitkinin gelişme ve su kullanma özellikleri ve ayrıca buharlaştırma istemine ilişkin bilgilerle birlikte dikkate alınmalıdır. Sulama programı, bu özellikleri birleştirmeli ve mevcut sulama sistemi ile kültürel kısıtlara uyarlamalıdır. Ayrıca, topraktaki bitki besin maddelerinin yıkanmasına yol açabilecek aşırı su uygulamalarından kaçınmak için sulama ve gübre yönetim programları uyumlu olmalıdır.

Keywords

• Damla sulama; Sebze üretimi; Sulama programlaması

References

1. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., & Raes, D. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration-Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. FAO, Rome.
2. Allen, R.G., Wright, J.L., Pruitt, W.O., Pereira, L.S., & Jensen, M.E. (2007). Water Requirements. pp.208-288. In: Hoffman, G. J. et. al. (Eds.) Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems, ASABE, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
3. Allen, R. G., Pereira, L.S. Howell, T.A., & Jensen, M.E. (2011). Evapotranspiration information reporting: I. Factors governing measurement accuracy. Agricultural Water Management , 98, 899–920.
4. Bennet, J.M. (1990). Problems associated with measuring plant water status. HortScience , 25(12):1551-1554.
5. Boyer, J. S. (1985). Water transport. Annual Review of Plant Physiology , 36:473-516. Campbell, G.S. (1977). An Introduction to Environmental Biophsics. Springer-Verlag, New York.
6. Clark, G.A. (1990). Measurement of soil water potential. HortScience , 25(12)154815
7. Clark, G.A. (1992). Drip irrigation management and scheduling for vegetable production. HortTechnology , Jan./Mar. 1992, 2 (1):32-37.
8. Clark, G.A., Stanley, C.D., Albregts, E.E., Smajstrla, A.G., & Zazueta F.S. (1990). Tensiometer scheduled, drip irrigated strawberries, ASAE Paper No. 90-2532. American Society of Agricultural Engineers , St. Joseph, Michigan, USA.

9. Clark, G.A., Stanley, C.D., Maynard, D.N, Hochmuth, G.J., Hanlon, E.A., & Haman D.Z. (1991). Water and fertilizer management of microirrigated fresh market tomatoes. American Society of Agricultural Engineer, 34(2):429-435.
10. Doorenbos, J., & Pruitt, W.O. (1977). Guidelines for Predicting Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24. FAO, p. 144, Rome.
11. Hartz, T.K. (1996). Water management in drip-irrigated vegetable production. HortTechnology , July/Sept. 1996, 6 (3):165-167.
12. Hatfield, J.L. (1990). Measuring plant stress with an infrared thermometer. HortScience , 25(12):1535-1538.
13. Howell, T.A., & Meron, M. (2007). Irrrigation Scheduling. pp.61-130. In: Lamm, F. R. et. al. (Ed.), Microirrigation for Crop Production Design, Operation, and Management. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
14. Idso, S.B. (1982). Non-Water stressed baselines: A key to monitoring and interpreting plant water stress. Agricultural Meteorology , 27:59-70.
15. Jackson, R.D., Idso, S.B., Reginato, R.J., & Pinter, P. J., Jr. (1981). Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator. Water Resources Research , 17:1133-1138.
16. Nakayama, F.S., Boman, B.J., & Pitts, D.J. (2007). Maintenance. pp.389-430. In: Lamm, F. R. et. al. (Eds.), Microirrigation for Crop Production Design, Operation, and Management. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
17. Pitts, D.J., Haman, D.Z., & Smajstrla, A.G. (1990). Causes and prevention of emitter plugging in micro irrigation systems. Fla. Coop. Ext. Ser. Bul. 258.
18. Reginato, R.J., & Howe, J. (1985). Irrigation scheduling using crop indicators. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering , 111:125-133.
19. Smith, R.E., & Warrick, A.W. (2007). Soil Water Relations. pp.120-159. In: Hoffman, G. J.et. al. (Ed.) Design and Operation of Farm Irrigation Systems, ASABE, St. Joseph, MI, USA.