Development of eggplant hybrid cultivar ‘BATEM FILIZI’ and determination of yield performance

Abstract

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation is an important part of vegetable production in Turkey. It is highly affected by abiotic stress factors such as low temperatures during growth and development. The present study was aimed to improve new hybrid varieties with high quality and fruit setting under undesirable environmental conditions in eggplant. The 39 inbred lines were developed from eggplant genepool by using pedigree breeding method at the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute. They were characterized morphologically and evaluated for phylogenetic relationship among them. Selected seven lines were crossed each other to obtain F1 hybrids. Thirteen hybrids from these crosses were examined for their rate of heterosis and heterobeltiosis. These hybrids were not suitable for market demands although F1 hybrids including P350 as parental line had high heterosis rate. Oval fruit shaped P350 inbred line as female parent showed good performance and crossed with long fruit shaped P599 inbred line. The resultant F1 hybrid cultivar higher yielding, suitable for production under greenhouse and highly adaptable was registered with the name of BATEM FILIZI. It is recommended that this hybrid can be used in greenhouse production especially in single crop season.

Keywords

• Breeding; Heterosis; Heterobeltiosis; Greenhouse; Phylogenetic relationship

‘BATEM FILIZI’ hibrit patlıcan çeşidinin geliştirilmesi ve verim performansının belirlenmesi

Abstract

Patlıcan Türkiye’de üretilen önemli sebze türlerinden birisidir. Büyümesi ve gelişmesi sırasında düşük sıcaklık gibi abiyotik stres faktörlerinden oldukça etkilenir. Sunulan çalışmada, patlıcanda olumsuz çevre koşulları altında meyve tutumu ve kalitesi yüksek yeni hibrit çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Pedigri ıslah metodu kullanılarak Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü patlıcan gen havuzundan 39 adet hat geliştirilmiştir. Bu hatlar morfolojik olarak karakterize edilmiş ve aralarındaki filogenetik ilişki değerlendirilmiştir. F1 hibrit elde etmek için seçilen 7 hat arasında melezlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu melezlemelerden elde edilen 13 adet hibritin heterozis ve heterobelitiosis oranları incelenmiştir. P350 hattının da ebeveyn olarak yer aldığı F1 hibritler yüksek heterozis oranlarına sahip olmasına rağmen, bu hibritler pazar taleplerine uygun bulunmamıştır. Ana ebeveyn olarak iyi bir performans gösteren oval meyveli P350 ile uzun meyveli P599 melezlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, elde edilen yüksek verimli, serada yetiştirilmeye uygun adaptasyon kabiliyeti yüksek bu hibrit BATEM FİLİZİ olarak tescile alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada geliştirilen hibrit özellikle tek ürün döneminde örtüaltı yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılabilir.

Keywords

• Islah; Heterozis; Heterobeltiosis; Sera; Filogenetik ilişki

References

1. Abak, K., & Guler, H.Y. (1994). Pollen fertility and the vegetative growth of various eggplant genotypes under low temperature greenhouse conditions. Acta Horticulturae, 366:85–91.
2. Acciarri, N., Restaino, F., Vitelli, G., Perrone, D., Zottini, M., Pandolfini, T., Spena, A., & Rotino, G.L. (2002). Genetically modified parthenocarpic eggplants: improved fruit productivity under both greenhouse and open field cultivation. BMC Biotechnology, 2(1):4.
3. Ali, Z., Xu, Z.L., Zhang, D.Y., He, X.L., Bahadur, S., & Yi, J.X. (2011). Molecular diversity analysis of eggplant (Solanum melongena) genetic resources. Genetics and Molecular Research, 10(2):1141–1155.
4. Cericola, F., Portis, E., Toppino, L., Barchi, L., Acciarri, N., Ciriaci, T., Sala, T., Rotino, G.L., & Lanteri, S. (2013). The population structure and diversity of eggplant from Asia and the Mediterranean basin. PloS one, 8(9), e73702.
5. Chattopadhyay, A., Seth, T., Dutta, S., Ghosh, P.P., Chattopadhyay, S.B., Majumder, D., & Hazra, P. (2012). Breeding eggplant for higher productivity and bacterial wilt tolerance. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 18(4):376-392.
6. Daunay, M.C. (2008). Eggplant, p. 163–220. In: Prohens, J.; Nuez, F. eds. Handbook of plant breeding: vegetables II. Springer, New York.
7. Donzella, G., Spena, A., & Rotino, G.L. (2000). Transgenic parthenocarpic eggplants:
8. superior germplasm for increased winter production. Molecular Breeding, 6:79-86.

9. Fonseca, S., & Patterson, F.L. (1968). Hybrid vigor in a seven-parent diallel cross in common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Science, 8(1): 85-88.
10. -
11. Kikuchi, K., Honda, I., Matsuo, S., Fukuda, M., & Saito, T. (2008). Stability of fruit set of newly selected parthenocarpic eggplant lines. Scientia Horticulture, 115(2):111–116.
12. Mantel, N.A. (1967). The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Research, 27:209–220.
13. Matzinger, D.F., Mann, T.J., & Cockerham, C.C. (1962). Diallel crosses in Nicotiana tabacum. Crop Science, 2(5):383-386.
14. Muñoz-Falcón, J.E., Prohens, J., Rodríguez-Burruezo, A., & Nuez, F. (2008). Potential of local varieties and their hybrids for the improvement of eggplant production in the open field and greenhouse cultivation. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 6(1):83.
15. Mutlu, N., Boyaci, F.H., Göçmen, M., & Abak, K. (2008). Development of SRAP, SRAP-RGA, RAPD and SCAR markers linked with a Fusarium wilt resistance gene in eggplant. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 117:1303–1312.
16. Prohens, J., Muñoz, J.E., Rodríguez-Burruezo, A., & Nuez, F. (2005). Recent advances in the genetic improvement of eggplant. (In Spanish). Vida Rural, 217:52–56.
17. Rodríguez-Burruezo, A., Prohens, J., & Nuez, F. (2008). Performance of hybrids between local varieties of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and its relation to the mean of parents and to morphological and genetic distances among parents. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 73(2):76–83.
18. Rohlf, F.J. (1998). NTSYS-PC: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Release 2.20j. Exeter Software, Setauket, N.Y.
19. Rotino, G.L., Perri, E., Zottini, M., Sommer, H., & Spena, A. (1997). Genetic engineering of parthenocarpic plants. Nature Biotechnology, 15(13):13981401.
20. Saito, T., Yoshida, T., Monma, S., Matsunaga, H., Sato, T., Saito, A., & Yamada, T. (2009). Development of the parthenocarpic eggplant cultivar ‘Anominori’. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 43(2):123–127.
21. Schwarz, D., Rouphael, Y., Colla, G., & Venema, J.H. (2010). Grafting as a tool to improve tolerance of vegetables to abiotic stresses: Thermal stress, water stress and organic pollutants. Scientia Horticulture, 127(2):162–171.
22. Sekara, A., Cebula, S., & Kunicki, E. (2007). Cultivated eggplants – origin, breeding objectives and genetic resources, a review. Folia Horticulturae Ann., 19(1):97114.
23. Sidhu, A.S.; Bal, S.S.; Behera, T.K.; & Rani, M. 2005. An outlook in hybrid eggplant breeding. Journal of New Seeds, 6(2-3):15-29.
24. Spena, A., & Rotino, G.L. (2001). Parthenocarpy, p. 435-450. In: Bhojwani, S.S.; Soh, W.Y. eds. Current Trends in the Embryology of Angiosperms.
25. Stàgel, A., Portis, E., Toppino, L., Rotino, G.L., & Lanteri, S. (2008). Gene-based microsatellite development for mapping and phylogeny studies in eggplant. BMC Genomics, 9(1):357.
26. Tümbilen, Y., Frary, A., Mutlu, S., & Doganlar, S. (2011). Genetic diversity in Turkish eggplant (Solanum melongena) varieties as determined by morphological and molecular analyses. International Research Journal of Biotechnology, 2:16-25.
27. Wehner, T.C. (1999). Heterosis in Vegetable Crops. In: Coors, J.; Pandey, S. (Eds.). The genetics and exploitation of heterosis. p. 387-397, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
28. Viswanathan, T.V. (1973). Hybrid vigour in brinjal. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section B, 77(4):176-180.