Residual levels of imazamox herbicide and derivatives in different parts of sunflower plant and honey samples produced under the effect of sunflower flora

Year 2019, Volume: 36 Issue: 1, 99 - 107, 31.05.2019

Ulviye Çebi , Cemile Özcan Mehmet Ali Gürbüz , Selçuk Özer

https://doi.org/10.16882/derim.2019.542462

Abstract

This research was
carried out under flowerpot conditions in Kırklareli province of Thrace region.
The pots were filled with two different soil types, which had loamy sand and
sand structures. The imazamox with the doses of 0.5 and 7.5 ml da^-1
were applied to the sunflower plant when it had 4-10 leaves. The study was
carried out in watery conditions and the irrigations were done three different phenological periods. Imazamox residual amounts were
determined in leaf, stem and table parts of the sunflower plant in the study.
Besides, the honey samples, which were produced under the effect of sunlower
flora, were collected from different regions and it was investigated whether or
not the imazamox herbicide left residual in the final products. According to
the results, the imazamox residual amount levels in different parts of the
plant were ranged as table>leaf>stem. Imazapic and imazapyr derivatives
in the leaf part and imazapic derivatives in the stem part were observed.
Different amounts of imazamox doses, irrigation ratios and the soil structure were
effective on the residual amounts. The residuals of imazamox and derivatives in
the honey samples were not observed.

Keywords

Sunflower, Honey, Residual, Imazamox

İmazamox herbisitinin ve türevlerinin ayçiçeği bitkisinin farklı aksamlarında ve ayçiçeği florası etkisi altında üretilen bal örneklerindeki kalıntı düzeyleri

Abstract

Araştırma
Trakya Bölgesi/Kırklareli İlinde saksı koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Saksılar
tınlı kum ve tın bünyeye sahip iki farklı toprak ile doldurulmuştur. Ayçiçeği
bitkisine 4-10 gerçek yapraklı olduğunda 0.5 ve 7.5 ml da^-1
dozlarında imazamox uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sulu şartlarda yürütülmüş olup,
sulamalar tabla oluşumu, çiçeklenme başlangıcı ve süt olumu fenolojik
dönemlerinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ayçiçeği bitkisinin yaprak, gövde ve tabla
aksamlarındaki imazamox kalıntı miktarları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca farklı
bölgelerden, ayçiçeği florası etkisi altında üretilen bal örnekleri toplanarak,
imazamox etkili maddesinin (herbisit) nihai ürünlerde kalıntı bırakıp
bırakmadığı araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; bitkinin farklı
aksamlarında belirlenen imazamox kalıntı miktarları seviyeleri
tabla>yaprak≥gövde (sap) olarak sıralanmıştır. Yaprak aksamında imazapic ve
imazapyr, gövde aksamında da imazapic türevlerine rastlanmıştır. Uygulanan
farklı miktarlardaki imazamox dozları, sulama oranları ve toprak yapısı,
kalıntı miktarları üzerinde etkili olmuştur. Bal örneklerinde imazamox ve
türevlerine ait kalıntılarına rastlanmamıştır.

Keywords

ayçiçeği, bal, kalıntı, imazamox

References

• Abu-Qare, A.W., & Duncan, H.J. (2002). Herbicide safeners: uses, limitations, metabolism, and mechanisms of action. Chemosphere, 48(9):965-974.
• Aichele, T.M., & Donald, P. (2005). Adsorption, desorption, and degradation of imidazolinones in soil. Weed Technology, 19(1):154–159.
• Ball, D.A., Yenish, J.P., & Alby, T. (2003). Effect of imazamox soil persistence on dryland rotational crops. Weed technology, 17 (1): 161-165.
• Braschi, I., Gessa, C.E., & Blasioli, S. (2011). The fate of herbicides in soil, Chapter 8, ISBN 978-953-307-476-4.
• Bresnahan, G., Dexter, A., Koskinen, W., & Lueschen, W. (2002). Influence of soil pH-sorption interactions on the carry-over of fresh and aged soil residues of imazamox. Weed Research, 42(1):45–51.
• Çebi, Ü.K., Özcan, C., Gürbüz, M.A., & Özer, S. (2017). Trakya Bölgesi’nde ayçiçeği tarımında kullanılan imazamox herbisit ‘inin toprak ortamında kalıntı düzeylerinin izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi. Toprak Su Dergisi, 6(2): 32-39.
• Cebi, U.K., Ozcan, C., Gurbuz, M.A., & Ozer, S. (2019). Determınatıon of imazamox ((2-[4, 5-dihydro-4-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1 H-imıdazol – 2 - Yl] - 5 - (methoxymethyl) - 3-pyrıdınecarboxylic acıd) residue on sunflower plant components. Journal of Envıronmental Protectıon and Ecology, 20(1):177-187.
• Celis, R., Koskinen, W.C., Cecchi, A.M., Bresnahan, G.A., Carrisoza, M.J., Ulibarri, M.A., & Hermosin, M.C. (1999). Sorption of the ionizable pesticide imazamox by organo‐clays and organohydrotalcites. Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part B, 34(6):929-941.
• Garcia-Torres, L., Castejon-Munoz, M., Lopez- Granados, F., & Jurado-Exposito, M. (1995). Imazapyr applied postemergence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) for broomrape (Orobanche cernua) control. Weed Technology, 9(4):819-824.
• Hamel, K. (2012). Environmental Impact Statement for Penoxsulam, Imazamox, Bispyribac-sodium, Flumioxazin, & Carfentrazone-ethyl. Addendum to the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for Freshwater Aquatic Plant Management. Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington. Accessed at: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/summarypages/0010040Addendum1.html. Accessed date: 10 March, 2019.
• Heiser, J.W. (2007). Dissipation and carryover of imidazolinone herbicides in imidazolinone-resistant rice (Oryza sativa). Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri-Columbia.
• Karaata, H. (1991). Kırklareli koşullarında ayçiçeği bitkisinin su-üretim fonksiyonları. Koy Hizmetleri Atatürk Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, Kırklareli.
• Kraemer, A.F., Marchesan, E., Avila, L.A., Machado, S.L.O., & Grohs, M. (2009). Environmental fate of imidazolinone herbicides: A review. Planta Daninha, 27(3):629-639.
• Lao, W. & Gan, J. (2006). High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of imidazolinone herbicide enantiomers and their methyl derivatives on polysaccharide-coated chiral stationary phases. Journal of Chromatography A, 1117(2):184–193.
• Loux, M.M., Liebl, R.A., & Slife, F.W. (1989). Adsorption of imazaquin and imazethapyr on soils, sediments and selected adsorbents, Weed Science, 37(5):712-718.
• O'Sullivan, J., Thomas, R.J., & Bouw, W.J. (1998). Effect of İmazethapyr and imazamox soil residues on several vegetable crops grown in ontario. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 78(4):647-651.
• Ozcan, C., Cebi, U.K., Gurbuz, M.A., & Ozer, S. (2017). Residue analysis and determination of imi herbicides in sunflower and soil by GC–MS. Chromatographia, 80(6):941-950.
• Pannacci, E., Onofri, A., & Covarelli, G. (2006). Biological activity, availability and duration of phytotoxicity for imazamox in four different soils of Central Italy. Weed Research, 46(3):243-250.
• Pfenning, M., Palfay, G., & Guillet, T. (2008). The CLEARFIELD® technology–A new broad-spectrum post-emergence weed control system for European sunflower growers. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 21:649-654
• Sondhia, S. (2013). Evaluation of imazethapyr leaching in soil under natural rainfall conditions. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 45(1):58–61.
• Süzer, S., & Büyük, H. (2010). Residual effects of spraying imidazolinone-family herbicides on clearfield®* sunflower production from the point of view of crop rotation. Helia, 33(52):25-36.
• Tan, S., Evans, R.R., Dahmer, M.L., Singh, B.K., & Shaner D.L. (2005). Imidazolinone-tolerant crops: history, status and future. Pest Management Science, 61(3):246–257.
• Tityanov, M., Vasilev, A., & Tonev, T. (2011). Influence of the fertilizer Lactofol B on the photosynthetic performance of imazamox-treated sunflower plants. Agrarni Nauki, 3(7):27-31.
• Ulbrich, A.V., Souza, J.R.P., & Shaner, D. (2005). Persistence and carryover effect of imazapyc and imazapyr in Brazilian cropping systems. Weed Technology, 19(4):986-991.
• URL (2013). https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3282. Erişim Tarihi: 23 Şubat 2019.
• URL (2016). http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler /2016/11/20161125M1-1.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 23 Şubat 2019.
• Vischetti, C., Casucci, C., & Perucci, P. (2002). Relationship between changes of soil microbial biomass content and imazamox and benfluralin degradation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 35(1): 13-17.
• Wang, X., Wang, H., & Fan, D. (2005). Persistence and metabolism of imazapyr in four typical soils of zhejiang province (China). International Journal of Environmental and Analiytical Chemistry, 85(2):99-109.