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SUNBURN ON FRUITS: INDUCING FACTORS AND CONTROL MECHANIZMS

Year 2006, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 14 - 23, 01.06.2006

Abstract

Sunburn is a major problem on the fruits growing in semiarid and arid regions, resulting up to 50% crop lost in orchards. Sunburn is caused by overheating of the fruit surfaces due to excessive levels of incoming solar radiation combined with high ambient air temperatures. The complexity of the underlying physiological mechanisms of this skin blemish is, however, not fully understood. It has been hypothesized that sunburn damage may be partly due to the physiochemical properties of the molecules in fruit skins. The homogeneity, thickness and composition of the epicuticular wax layer, and the concentration and quantity of skin pigments could offer some protection against sunburn by increased reflection of visible and particularly infrared light accompanied by decreased fruit temperature. Recently different applications, considering the defense mechanism of the plants which are evolved resistance to sunburn, have been carried out to reduction of sunburn damage on fruit surfaces.

References

  • Akman, Y., Küçüködük, M., Düzenli, S. ve Tuğ, N. 2001. Bitki Fizyolojisi. ISBN No: 975- 974 36-0-4, 16. bölüm, sayfa: 708-764, Ankara.
  • Anderson, J.M. and Osmond, C.B. 1987. In: Photoinhibition (d.j. Kyle, C.B. Osmond and C.J. Arntzen eds.) pp. 1-38. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Andrews, P.K. and Johnson, J.R. 1996. Physiology of Sunburn Development in Apples. Pulman, Washington.
  • Andrews, P.K. and Johnson, J.R. 1997. Anotomical Changes and Antioxidant Levels in the Peel of Sunscald Damaged Apple Fruit. Plant Physio. 44:103-114.
  • Arakawa, O., Hori, Y. and Ogata, R. 1985. Relative Effectivenes and Interaction of Ultraviolet B, Red and Blue Light in Anthocyanin Synthesis of Apple Fruit. Physiol. Plant. 64: 323-327.
  • Arndt, H.P. 1992. Apple Shading to Reduce Heat Damage. Tree Fruit Leader, Vol. 1(1) Feb.
  • Bieza, K. and Lois R. 2001. An Arabidopsis Mutant Tolerant to Lethal Ultraviolet-B Levels Shows Constitutively Elevated Accumulation of Flavonoids and Other Phenolics. Plant Physiology,. 126:1105- 1115.
  • Burchanan, B.B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R.L. 2000. Biology of Plants. p. 1-1367. American Society of Plant Physiologist. Rockville, Maryland, USA. and Molecular
  • Caldwell, M.M. 1981. Plant Response to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Physiological Plant Ecology. p: 170-197. Springer- Verlag. Berlin. Caldwell, C. 1993. Ultraviolet-Induced
  • Photodegradation of Cucumber (Cucumis
  • Sativus L.) Crosomal and Soluble Protein
  • Tryptophanyl Residues in vitro. Plant
  • Physiol 101:947-953.
  • Criddle, R.S., Hopkin, M.S., Mcartur, E.D. and Hansen, L.D.1994. Plant Distribution and the Metabolism. Plant Cell Environ. 17: 233- 244. Coefficient of
  • Curry, E., Baer, Donald and Young,J. 2002. X- Ray Microanalysis of Apples Treated with Kaolin Particulates in the Cuticle. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition, August 11-12, p:497-503, Toronto. Wax-Embedded
  • Dat J., Vandenbeele, S., Vranova, E., Van Montagu, M., Inze, D. And Van Breusegm, F. 2000. Dual Action of the Active Oxygen Species During Plant Stress Responses. Cell Mol Life Sci. 57: 779-795.
  • Desikan, R., Mackerness, S.A.H., Hancock, J.T. and Neill, S.J. 2001. Regulation of the Arabidopsis Transcroptome by Oxidative Stress. Plant Physiology, 127: 159-172.
  • Drake, S.R., Larsen, F.E. and Higgins, S.S.1991. Quality and Storage of ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Greenspur’ Apples on Seedling, M.26, and MM 111 Rootstocks. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116:261-264.
  • Finkel, T. and Holbrook, NJ. 2000. Oxidants, Oxidative Stress and the Biology of Ageing. Nature 408:239-247.
  • Johnson, J.R., Deirdre, F., Gısh, N and Andrews, P.K. 1999. Influence of Ascorpic acid Sprays Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, Pulman.
  • Jordan, Br., HE, J., Chow, W.S. and Anderson, JM. 1992. Changes in mRNA Levels and Polypeptide Subunits of Ribulose 1,5- Bisphosphate Carboxylase in Response to Supplementary Ultraviolet-B Radiation. Plant Cell Environ 15:91-98.
  • Kacar, B., Katkat,V. Ve Öztürk, Ş. 2002. Bitki Fizyolojisi. ISBN No: 975-564-133-5, Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı, Yayın No: 198, sayfa:493-544, Bursa.
  • Kadıoğlu, A. 1998. Bitki Fizyolojisi. Bölüm 14. sayfa: 340-362. Eser Ofset, Trabzon.
  • Karause, G.H., Schmude, C., Garden, H., Koroleva, O.Y. and Winter, K. 1999. Effects of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation on the Potential Efficiency of Photossystem II in Leaves of Tropical Plants. Plant Physiology, 121; 1349-1358.
  • Khemira, H., Lombart, P.B., Sugar, D. and A.N. Azarenko, Orientation Affects Canopy Exposure, Flowering, and Fruiting of ‘Anjou’ Pear Trees. HortiScience, 28:984-987.
  • Naseri, L. 2002. Infrared and Ultraviolet Light Apple Injury International Hort. Cong. & Exh., August 11-12, Toronto. XXVIth
  • Nogues, S., Allen, D.J., Morison J.I.L. and Baker, N.R., 1999. Characterization of Stomatal Closure Caused by Ultraviolet-B Radiation. Plant Physiology, 121: 489- 496.
  • Panwar, S.K., Desai, V.T. and Choudhari, S.M. 1994. Annuals of Arid Zone, 33(1): 83-84.
  • Parchomlochuk, P. and Meheriuk, M. 1996. Orchard Cooling with Pulsed Overtree Irrigation to Prevent Solar Injury and Improve Fruit Quality of ‘Jonagold’ Apples. Hortiscience 31:802-804.
  • Pfundel, E.E., Pan, R.S and Dill, R.A. 1992. Inhibition of Violaxanthin Dee-Poxidation by Ultraviolet-B Inhibition in Isolated Chloroplasts and Intact Leaves. Plant Physiol 98:1372-1380.
  • Polito, V.S., Larson, K.D. and Pinney, K. 2002. Anatomical and Histochemical Factors Associated with Bronzing Development in Strawberry Fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127(3): 355-357.
  • Renquist, H.D., Hughes, H.G. and Rogoyski, M.K. 1989. Combined High Tmperature and Ultraviolet Radiation Injury of Red Raspberry Fruit. HortScience 24:597-599.
  • Robinowitch, H.D., Kedar, N. and Dudowski, P. 1974. Induction of Sunscald in Tomatoes under Natural and Controlled Conditions. Scientia Hort. 2:265-272.
  • Robinowitch, H.D., Frideman, M. and Ben- David, B. 1986. Light is Essential for Sunscald Induction in Cucumber and Pepper Fruits, Whereas Heat Conditioning Provides Protection. Scientia Hort. 29:21- 29.
  • Schrader, L., Zhang, J and Sun, J. 2002. Environmental Sunburn of Apple. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition, August 11-12, p: 397-405, Toronto. Cause Teramura, A.H. and Ziska, L.H. 1989. Ultraviolet-B Radiationand Photosynthesis. In Nr Baker, ed., Photosynthesis and the Environment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Nerherlands, pp 435-450.
  • Wünsche, J.N., Lombardini, L., Greer,D.H., Palmer, J.W. and Woolf, A.B. 2002. ‘Surround’ Particle Film Applications- Effect on Whole Canopy Physiology of Apple. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition, August 11-12, p: 565-571, Toronto.
  • Xiong, F.S. and Day, T.A. 2001. Effects of Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation during Springtime Ozone Depletion on Photosynthesis and Biomass Production of Antarctic Vascular Plants. Plant Physiology, (125):738-751.
  • Yuri, J.A., Bastıas, R., Torres, C. and Retamales, J.B. 2002. Sunburn on Apples: Inducıng Factors, Biochemical Responses and Control Methods. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition, August 11-12, Toronto.

MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI

Year 2006, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 14 - 23, 01.06.2006

Abstract

Güneş yanıklığı, kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde yetiştirilen meyvelerde önemli bir problem olup, bazı yıllarda %50’lere varan bir ürün kaybına neden olmaktadır. Güneş yanıklığı, yüksek derecedeki solar radyasyonla birlikte çevredeki yüksek hava sıcaklığı kombinasyonunun sebep olduğu meyve yüzeyinin aşırı ısınması sonucu oluşan fizyolojik bir bozukluktur. Fizyolojisinin karmaşıklığı nedeniyle, meyve yüzeyinin bozulmasının mekanizması tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bir hipotez olarak; güneş yanıklığının oksidatif strese karşı bitkinin göstermiş olduğu savunma mekanizmasının bir göstergesi olduğu bildirilmektedir. Meyve tür ve çeşitlerinin güneş yanıklığına karşı göstermiş oldukları duyarlılık, meyve yüzeyinin fiziksel ve biyokimyasal özelliklerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Epikutikula tabakasının homojenliği, kalınlığı ve bileşimi ile meyve yüzey pigmentlerinin niceliği gibi özellikler, görünür ve kızılötesi ışığın yansımasını artırmak suretiyle meyve yüzey sıcaklığını azaltarak güneş yanıklığına karşı bir koruma sağlarlar. Güneş yanıklığına neden olan etmenler ve bitkilerin güneş yanıklığına karşı geliştirmiş oldukları savunma mekanizmaları dikkate alınarak günümüzde birçok meyve türünde güneş yanıklığını azaltmak için değişik uygulamalar yapılmakta ve bu uygulamalar sonucunda güneş yanıklığı zararı önemli derecede azaltılabilmektedir.

References

  • Akman, Y., Küçüködük, M., Düzenli, S. ve Tuğ, N. 2001. Bitki Fizyolojisi. ISBN No: 975- 974 36-0-4, 16. bölüm, sayfa: 708-764, Ankara.
  • Anderson, J.M. and Osmond, C.B. 1987. In: Photoinhibition (d.j. Kyle, C.B. Osmond and C.J. Arntzen eds.) pp. 1-38. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Andrews, P.K. and Johnson, J.R. 1996. Physiology of Sunburn Development in Apples. Pulman, Washington.
  • Andrews, P.K. and Johnson, J.R. 1997. Anotomical Changes and Antioxidant Levels in the Peel of Sunscald Damaged Apple Fruit. Plant Physio. 44:103-114.
  • Arakawa, O., Hori, Y. and Ogata, R. 1985. Relative Effectivenes and Interaction of Ultraviolet B, Red and Blue Light in Anthocyanin Synthesis of Apple Fruit. Physiol. Plant. 64: 323-327.
  • Arndt, H.P. 1992. Apple Shading to Reduce Heat Damage. Tree Fruit Leader, Vol. 1(1) Feb.
  • Bieza, K. and Lois R. 2001. An Arabidopsis Mutant Tolerant to Lethal Ultraviolet-B Levels Shows Constitutively Elevated Accumulation of Flavonoids and Other Phenolics. Plant Physiology,. 126:1105- 1115.
  • Burchanan, B.B., Gruissem, W. and Jones, R.L. 2000. Biology of Plants. p. 1-1367. American Society of Plant Physiologist. Rockville, Maryland, USA. and Molecular
  • Caldwell, M.M. 1981. Plant Response to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Physiological Plant Ecology. p: 170-197. Springer- Verlag. Berlin. Caldwell, C. 1993. Ultraviolet-Induced
  • Photodegradation of Cucumber (Cucumis
  • Sativus L.) Crosomal and Soluble Protein
  • Tryptophanyl Residues in vitro. Plant
  • Physiol 101:947-953.
  • Criddle, R.S., Hopkin, M.S., Mcartur, E.D. and Hansen, L.D.1994. Plant Distribution and the Metabolism. Plant Cell Environ. 17: 233- 244. Coefficient of
  • Curry, E., Baer, Donald and Young,J. 2002. X- Ray Microanalysis of Apples Treated with Kaolin Particulates in the Cuticle. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition, August 11-12, p:497-503, Toronto. Wax-Embedded
  • Dat J., Vandenbeele, S., Vranova, E., Van Montagu, M., Inze, D. And Van Breusegm, F. 2000. Dual Action of the Active Oxygen Species During Plant Stress Responses. Cell Mol Life Sci. 57: 779-795.
  • Desikan, R., Mackerness, S.A.H., Hancock, J.T. and Neill, S.J. 2001. Regulation of the Arabidopsis Transcroptome by Oxidative Stress. Plant Physiology, 127: 159-172.
  • Drake, S.R., Larsen, F.E. and Higgins, S.S.1991. Quality and Storage of ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Greenspur’ Apples on Seedling, M.26, and MM 111 Rootstocks. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116:261-264.
  • Finkel, T. and Holbrook, NJ. 2000. Oxidants, Oxidative Stress and the Biology of Ageing. Nature 408:239-247.
  • Johnson, J.R., Deirdre, F., Gısh, N and Andrews, P.K. 1999. Influence of Ascorpic acid Sprays Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Washington State University, Pulman.
  • Jordan, Br., HE, J., Chow, W.S. and Anderson, JM. 1992. Changes in mRNA Levels and Polypeptide Subunits of Ribulose 1,5- Bisphosphate Carboxylase in Response to Supplementary Ultraviolet-B Radiation. Plant Cell Environ 15:91-98.
  • Kacar, B., Katkat,V. Ve Öztürk, Ş. 2002. Bitki Fizyolojisi. ISBN No: 975-564-133-5, Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı, Yayın No: 198, sayfa:493-544, Bursa.
  • Kadıoğlu, A. 1998. Bitki Fizyolojisi. Bölüm 14. sayfa: 340-362. Eser Ofset, Trabzon.
  • Karause, G.H., Schmude, C., Garden, H., Koroleva, O.Y. and Winter, K. 1999. Effects of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation on the Potential Efficiency of Photossystem II in Leaves of Tropical Plants. Plant Physiology, 121; 1349-1358.
  • Khemira, H., Lombart, P.B., Sugar, D. and A.N. Azarenko, Orientation Affects Canopy Exposure, Flowering, and Fruiting of ‘Anjou’ Pear Trees. HortiScience, 28:984-987.
  • Naseri, L. 2002. Infrared and Ultraviolet Light Apple Injury International Hort. Cong. & Exh., August 11-12, Toronto. XXVIth
  • Nogues, S., Allen, D.J., Morison J.I.L. and Baker, N.R., 1999. Characterization of Stomatal Closure Caused by Ultraviolet-B Radiation. Plant Physiology, 121: 489- 496.
  • Panwar, S.K., Desai, V.T. and Choudhari, S.M. 1994. Annuals of Arid Zone, 33(1): 83-84.
  • Parchomlochuk, P. and Meheriuk, M. 1996. Orchard Cooling with Pulsed Overtree Irrigation to Prevent Solar Injury and Improve Fruit Quality of ‘Jonagold’ Apples. Hortiscience 31:802-804.
  • Pfundel, E.E., Pan, R.S and Dill, R.A. 1992. Inhibition of Violaxanthin Dee-Poxidation by Ultraviolet-B Inhibition in Isolated Chloroplasts and Intact Leaves. Plant Physiol 98:1372-1380.
  • Polito, V.S., Larson, K.D. and Pinney, K. 2002. Anatomical and Histochemical Factors Associated with Bronzing Development in Strawberry Fruit. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127(3): 355-357.
  • Renquist, H.D., Hughes, H.G. and Rogoyski, M.K. 1989. Combined High Tmperature and Ultraviolet Radiation Injury of Red Raspberry Fruit. HortScience 24:597-599.
  • Robinowitch, H.D., Kedar, N. and Dudowski, P. 1974. Induction of Sunscald in Tomatoes under Natural and Controlled Conditions. Scientia Hort. 2:265-272.
  • Robinowitch, H.D., Frideman, M. and Ben- David, B. 1986. Light is Essential for Sunscald Induction in Cucumber and Pepper Fruits, Whereas Heat Conditioning Provides Protection. Scientia Hort. 29:21- 29.
  • Schrader, L., Zhang, J and Sun, J. 2002. Environmental Sunburn of Apple. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition, August 11-12, p: 397-405, Toronto. Cause Teramura, A.H. and Ziska, L.H. 1989. Ultraviolet-B Radiationand Photosynthesis. In Nr Baker, ed., Photosynthesis and the Environment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Nerherlands, pp 435-450.
  • Wünsche, J.N., Lombardini, L., Greer,D.H., Palmer, J.W. and Woolf, A.B. 2002. ‘Surround’ Particle Film Applications- Effect on Whole Canopy Physiology of Apple. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition, August 11-12, p: 565-571, Toronto.
  • Xiong, F.S. and Day, T.A. 2001. Effects of Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation during Springtime Ozone Depletion on Photosynthesis and Biomass Production of Antarctic Vascular Plants. Plant Physiology, (125):738-751.
  • Yuri, J.A., Bastıas, R., Torres, C. and Retamales, J.B. 2002. Sunburn on Apples: Inducıng Factors, Biochemical Responses and Control Methods. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition, August 11-12, Toronto.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Kezban Yazıcı This is me

Lami Kaynak This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yazıcı, K., & Kaynak, L. (2006). MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI. Derim, 23(2), 14-23.
AMA Yazıcı K, Kaynak L. MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI. DERİM. June 2006;23(2):14-23.
Chicago Yazıcı, Kezban, and Lami Kaynak. “MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI”. Derim 23, no. 2 (June 2006): 14-23.
EndNote Yazıcı K, Kaynak L (June 1, 2006) MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI. Derim 23 2 14–23.
IEEE K. Yazıcı and L. Kaynak, “MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI”, DERİM, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 14–23, 2006.
ISNAD Yazıcı, Kezban - Kaynak, Lami. “MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI”. Derim 23/2 (June 2006), 14-23.
JAMA Yazıcı K, Kaynak L. MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI. DERİM. 2006;23:14–23.
MLA Yazıcı, Kezban and Lami Kaynak. “MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI”. Derim, vol. 23, no. 2, 2006, pp. 14-23.
Vancouver Yazıcı K, Kaynak L. MEYVELERDE GÜNEŞ YANIKLIĞI: NEDEN OLAN ETMENLER VE KONTROL MEKANİZMALARI. DERİM. 2006;23(2):14-23.

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