Anxiety And Obsession Levels Of Healthcare Workers During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison Of The Peak And Post-Peak Period.

Öz

Aim: The main aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the changes in anxiety and obsession levels of doctors, nurses, health technicians and other hospital personnel working in the healthcare field in Turkey during the peak 1 and post-peak 1 periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: 405 healthcare workers, aged between 18 and 65, working in a training and research hospital in Istanbul, participated in the study conducted in July and August 2020. Sociodemographic Data Form (SDF), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), COVID-19 Obsession Scale (OCS), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) were used in our study. Results: As a result, anxiety and obsession levels of healthcare workers differed significantly in the two time periods and anxiety and obsession scale scores decreased after the 1st peak period. In our study, anxiety levels of nurses were found to be higher than those of physicians and other healthcare workers. Conclusion: In conclusion, pandemic-induced anxiety and obsession levels increased among female healthcare workers and there was a significant decrease in scores in the post-peak period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• healthcare professionals
• anxiety and obsession levels

Sağlık Çalışanlarının COVİD-19 Salgını Sırasında Anksiyete ve Obsesyon Düzeyleri: 1. Pik ve 1. Pik Sonrası Dönemlerin Karşılaştırılması.

Öz

Amaç: Bu kesitsel çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'de sağlık alanında çalışan doktor, hemşire, sağlık teknisyeni ve diğer hastane personelinin COVID-19 salgının 1. pik ve 1. pik sonrası dönemindeki anksiyete ve obsesyon düzeylerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri incelemektir. Yöntem: 2020 yılının Temmuz ve Ağustos aylarında gerçekleştirilen çalışmaya, İstanbul'daki bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde görev yapan, yaşları 18 ile 65 arasında değişen 405 sağlık çalışanı katılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Sosyodemografik Veri Formu ( SDF), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAI), COVID-19 Takıntısı Ölçeği (OCS), Coronavirüs Kaygı Ölçeği (CAS) ve Düşünce Kontrol Anketi (TCQ). Bulgular: Sonuç olarak sağlık çalışanlarının anksiyete ve obsesyon düzeyleri iki zaman diliminde önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterdi ve 1. pik dönemi ardından kaygı ve takıntı ölçeği puanları azaldı. Çalışmamızda hemşirelerin kaygı düzeyleri doktor ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak kadın sağlık çalışanları arasında salgının neden olduğu anksiyete ve obsesyon düzeylerinin arttığı ve pik sonrası dönemde puanlarda önemli bir düşüş olduğu görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• sağlık çaşına
• anksiyete ve obsesyon düzeyi

Kaynakça

1. 1. Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K., Lau, E., Wong, J. Y., Xing, X., Xiang, N., Wu, Y., Li, C., Chen, Q., Li, D., Liu, T., Zhao, J., Liu, M., Tu, W., … Feng, Z. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. The New England journal of medicine, 382(13), 1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316 (E.T: 03.09.2021)
2. 2. Euronews (2020), Sağlık Bakanı Koca: "Türkiye'de ilk koronavirüs (Covid-19) vakası tespit edildi", https://tr.euronews.com/2020/03/10/sagl-k-bakan-koca-koronavirus-covid-19-sal g-n-ile-ilgili-ac-klama-yap-yor (E.T: 07.09.2021)
3. 3. WHO (2020), WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on Covıd-19 https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 (E.T: 10.09.2021)
4. 4. COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update Data as received by WHO from national authorities, as of 14 March 2021, 10 am CT https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200314-sitrep-54-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=dcd46351_8 (E.T: 10.10.2021)
5. 5. Türk Tabipler Birliği (2020), Covıd-19 Pandemisi Altıncı Ay Değerlendirme Raporu, sayfa 103-105, https://www.ttb.org.tr/kutuphane/covid19-rapor_6.pdf (E.T: 13.09.2021)
6. 6. Avcı, S. & Yağcı, İ. (2021). COVID-19 PANDEMİSİ DÖNEMİNDE ACİL SERVİS ÇALIŞANLARININ PSİKOLOJİK DURUMLARI Psychological Status of Emergency Department Personnel During The COVID-19 Pandemic Period . Bozok Tıp Dergisi , 11 (1) , 49-55 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bozoktip/issue/60646/893623 (E.T: 13.09.2021)
7. 7. Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., He, L., Sheng, C., Cai, Y., Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The lancet. Psychiatry, 7(4), e15–e16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X(E.T: 15.09.2021)
8. 8. Kang, L., Li, Y., Hu, S., Chen, M., Yang, C., Yang, B. X., Wang, Y., Hu, J., Lai, J., Ma, X., Chen, J., Guan, L., Wang, G., Ma, H., & Liu, Z. (2020). The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The lancet. Psychiatry, 7(3), e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X (E.T: 15.09.2021)

9. 9. Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W. J., Rourke, S., Hunter, J. J., Goldbloom, D., Balderson, K., Petryshen, P., Steinberg, R., Wasylenki, D., Koh, D., & Fones, C. S. (2004). Factors associated with the psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on nurses and other hospital workers in Toronto. Psychosomatic medicine, 66(6), 938–942. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000145673.84698.18 (E.T: 19.09.2021)
10. 10. Goulia, P., Mantas, C., Dimitroula, D., Mantis, D., & Hyphantis, T. (2010). General hospital staff worries, perceived sufficiency of information and associated psychological distress during the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic. BMC infectious diseases, 10, 322. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-322
11. 11. Lee S. A. (2020). Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death studies, 44(7), 393–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1748481 (E.T: 24.09.2021)
12. 12. Evren, C., Evren, B., Dalbudak, E., Topcu, M., & Kutlu, N. (2020). Measuring anxiety related to COVID-19: A Turkish validation study of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Death studies, 1–7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1774969
13. 13. Lee S. A. (2020). How much "Thinking" about COVID-19 is clinically dysfunctional?. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 97–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.067 (E.T: 01.10.2021)
14. 14. Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56(6), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893 (E.T: 01.10.2021)
15. 15. Ulusoy M. Beck Anksiyete Ölçeğinin Psikometrik Özellikleri: Uzmanlık Tezi, Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul, 1993
16. 16. Wells, A., & Davies, M. I. (1994). The Thought Control Questionnaire: a measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour research and therapy, 32(8), 871–878. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)90168-6
17. 17. Yorulmaz, O. ve Gençöz, T. (2008). Obsessif-Kompulsif Bozukluk Semptomların Değerlendirilmesinde Kullanılan İstem Dışı Düşünceleri Yorumlama Envanteri, Obsessif İnanışlar Ölçeği ve Düşünceleri Kontrol Etme Ölçeği’nin Türk Örnekleminde İncelenmesi.Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(22), 1-13.
18. 18. Liu, Z., Wu, J., Shi, X., Ma, Y., Ma, X., Teng, Z., Sen, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., Feng, Z., Long, Q., Ma, X., Wang, L. ve Zeng, Y. (2020). COVID-19 Salgını nedeniyle Çin'deki Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı Durumu. Annals of global Health , 86 (1), 128. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3005 (E.T: 14.10.2021)
19. 19. Huang, J. Z., Han, M. F., Luo, T. D., Ren, A. K., & Zhou, X. P. (2020). Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Zhonghua lao dong wei sheng zhi ye bing za zhi= Zhonghua laodong weisheng zhiyebing zazhi= Chinese journal of industrial hygiene and occupational diseases, 38, E001-E001.
20. 20. Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976 (E.T: 16.10.2021)
21. 21. Que, J., Shi, L., Deng, J., Liu, J., Zhang, L., Wu, S., Gong, Y., Huang, W., Yuan, K., Yan, W., Sun, Y., Ran, M., Bao, Y., & Lu, L. (2020). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. General psychiatry, 33(3), e100259. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100259 (E.T: 14.10.2021)
22. 22. AlAteeq, D. A., Aljhani, S., Althiyabi, I., & Majzoub, S. (2020). Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Journal of infection and public health, 13(10), 1432–1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.013 (E.T: 14.10.2021)
23. 23. Zhang, W. R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W. F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., Min, B. Q., Tian, Q., Leng, H. X., Du, J. L., Chang, H., Yang, Y., Li, W., Shangguan, F. F., Yan, T. Y., Dong, H. Q., Han, Y., Wang, Y. P., Cosci, F., & Wang, H. X. (2020). Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 89(4), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639 (E.T: 16.10.2021)
24. 24. Kurt, O., Deveci, S. E., & Oguzoncul, A. F. (2020). Levels of anxiety and depression related to covid-19 among physicians: An online cross-sectional study from turkey. Ann Clin Anal Med, 11(Supplement 3), S288-S93.
25. 25. Yildirim, T. T., Atas, O., Asafov, A., Yildirim, K., & Balibey, H. (2020). Psychological status of healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Age, 20(30), 31-40.
26. 26. Dosil Santamaría, M., Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Redondo Rodríguez, I., Jaureguizar Alboniga-Mayor, J., & Picaza Gorrotxategi, M. (2021). Psychological impact of COVID-19 on a sample of Spanish health professionals. Impacto psicológico de la COVID-19 en una muestra de profesionales sanitarios españoles. Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental, 14(2), 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.05.004 (E.T: 16.10.2021)
27. 27. Arshad, A. R., & Islam, F. (2020). COVID-19 and Anxiety amongst Doctors: A Pakistani Perspective. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 30(10), 106–109. https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2020.supp2.106 (E.T: 18.10.2021)
28. 28. Buselli, R., Corsi, M., Baldanzi, S., Chiumiento, M., Del Lupo, E., Dell'Oste, V., Bertelloni, C. A., Massimetti, G., Dell'Osso, L., Cristaudo, A., & Carmassi, C. (2020). Professional Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes among Health Care Workers Exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19). International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(17), 6180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176180
29. 29. Luceño-Moreno, L., Talavera-Velasco, B., García-Albuerne, Y., & Martín-García, J. (2020). Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(15), 5514. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155514
30. 30. Bavel, J.J.V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P.S. et al. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nat Hum Behav 4, 460–471 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z 31. Jones P, Menon A, Hicken A, Rozek LS. Global adoption of personal and social mitigation behaviors during COVID-19: The role of trust & confidence. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 8;16(9):e0256159. PMID: 34495998; PMCID: PMC8425551. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256159
31. 32. Dong, Z. Q., Ma, J., Hao, Y. N., Shen, X. L., Liu, F., Gao, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020). The social psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical staff in China: A cross-sectional study. European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 63(1), e65. https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.59 (E.T: 21.10.2021)