The Effect Of Genetics Factors On Agressive Behavior

Year 2017, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 97 - 102, 23.08.2017

Duygu Onur Cura , Tufan Çankaya

Abstract

Behavioral genetics examines the role of genetic and
environmental factors on the behavior patterns and personality traits. With the
sequencing of the human genome, studies have focused that which genes are
active in the development of behavior and personality traits. The complex
behavior and properties are regulated by multiple genes. Studies have shown
that to explain the behavioral differences between individuals not only genes
but also environmental factors that affect the function of the gene must be
considered together. Experience of a lifetime by changing the expression of
genes leave epigenetic marks on the human genome and allows the formation of
the individualized behavior patterns. In this article, gene-environment
interactions on behaviour was handled, and the antisocial behavior and violence
as important issues of our age which their genetics were discussed.

Keywords

Gene-environment interactions, behavior, epigenetics, violence

Genetik faktörlerin şiddet davranışı üzerine etkisi

Abstract

Davranış genetiği, davranış kalıpları ve kişilik
özelliklerine genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin etkisini inceleyen bilim
alanıdır. İnsan genomunun dizilenmesiyle birlikte, davranış ve kişilik
özelliklerinin gelişiminde genlerin etkisini araştıran çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır.
Kompleks davranış ve özelliklerin, çoklu gen tarafından düzenlendiği
görülmüştür. Yapılan araştırmalar göstermiştir ki, bireyler arasındaki
davranışsal farklılıkları açıklamak için sadece genlerin incelenmesi yeterli
değildir. Aynı zamanda genlerin işlevini etkileyen çevresel faktörlerin de
dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Deneyimler, genlerin ifade edilme özelliklerini
değiştirerek bir ömür boyu insan genomu üzerinde ve sonraki kuşaklarda
epigenetik işaretler bırakır ve kişiye özgü davranış kalıplarının oluşumunu
sağlar. Bu derlemede gen ve çevrenin davranışlarımız üzerine olan etkisi ele
alınmış; çağımızın önemli sorunlarından olan antisosyal davranışlar ve şiddetin
genetik yönü tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

gen-çevre etkileşimi, davranış, epigenetik, şiddet

References

• Referans1 Galton F. Hereditary Genius. 1869 London: Macmillan.
• Referans2 Fuller JL, Thompson WR. Behavior Genetics. 1960 New York: John Wiley and Sons.
• Referans3 Christians JK. "Behavioural genetics". BioEssays 2005;27(6):664-6.
• Referans4 Turkheimer E. Three laws of behavior genetics and what they mean. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2000; 9:160–164.
• Referans5 Chabris CF, Lee JJ, Cesarini D, Benjamin DJ, Laibson DI. The Fourth Law of Behavior Genetics. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2015;1;24(4):304-312.
• Referans6 Gottlieb G. Probabilistic epigenesis. Dev Sci. 2007;10(1):1-11.
• Referans7 Moore DS. The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, 2013 Vol. 1: Body and Mind.
• Referans8 Oniszczenko W, Dragan WŁ. From twins to genetic polymorphisms: behavioral genetic research in Poland. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2014;17(5):390-6.
• Referans9 Kendler KS, Maes HH, Lönn SL et al. A Swedish national twin study of criminal behavior. Psychol Med. 2015;45(11):2253-62.
• Referans10 Nuffield Council on Bioethics. New report--genetics and human behaviour: the ethical context. Hum Reprod Genet Ethics. 2003;9(1):1-2.
• Referans11 Ormandy EH, Dale J, Griffin G. Genetic engineering of animals: Ethical issues, including welfare concerns. Can Vet J. 2011;52(5):544-50.
• Referans12 Yang J, Lee SH, Goddard ME, Visscher PM. GCTA: A Tool for Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 2011; 88(1):76–82.
• Referans13 Trzaskowski M, Eley TC, Davis OS et al. First genome-wide association study on anxiety-related behaviours in childhood. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e58676.
• Referans14 Vrieze SI, McGue M, Miller MB, Hicks BM, Iacono WG.Three mutually informative ways to understand the genetic relationships among behavioral disinhibition, alcohol use, drug use, nicotine use/dependence, and their co-occurrence: twin biometry, GCTA, and genome-wide scoring. Behav Genet. 2013;43(2):97-107.
• Referans15 Plomin R, Deary IJ. Genetics and intelligence differences: five special findings. Mol Psychiatry. 2015;20(1):98-108.
• Referans16 Thurstone LL. The vectors of the mind. Psychol Rev. 1934;41,1-32.
• Referans17 Norman WT. Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: replicated factors structure in peer nomination personality ratings. J Abnorm Soc Psychol. 1963;66:574-83.
• Referans18 Jang K, Livesley WJ, Vemon PA. Heritability of the big five personality dimensions and their facets: a twin study. J Pers. 1996;64(3):577-91.
• Referans19 Bouchard TJ, McGue M. Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences. J Neurobiol. 2003;54(1):4-45.
• Referans20 Plomin R, Daniels D. Why are children in the same family so different from one another? Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(3):563-82.
• Referans21 Waltes R, Chiocchetti AG, Freitag CM. The neurobiological basis of human aggression: A review on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016;171(5):650-75.
• Referans22 Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science. 1996;274(5292):1527-31.
• Referans23 Alfimova MV, Monakhov MV, Golimbet VE, Korovaitseva GI, Lyashenko GL. Analysis of associations between 5-HTT, 5-HTR2A, and GABRA6 gene polymorphisms and health-associated personality traits. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2010;149(4):434-6.
• Referans24 Ebstein RP, Segman R, Benjamin J, Osher Y, Nemanov L, Belmaker RH. 5-HT2C (HTR2C) serotonin receptor gene polymorphism associated with the human personality trait of reward dependence: interaction with dopamine D4 receptor (D4DR) and dopamine D3 receptor (D3DR) polymorphisms. Am J Med Genet. 1997;74(1):65-72. Referans25 Kim HN, Roh SJ, Sung YA et al. Genome-wide association study of the five-factor model of personality in young Korean women. J Hum Genet. 2013;58(10):667-74.
• Referans26 McLaughlin E, Newburn T. The SAGE Handbook of Criminological Theory: SAGE Publications. 2010 pp. 73-75.
• Referans27 Rhee SH, Waldman ID. Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of twin and adoption studies. Psychol Bull. 2002;128(3):490-529.
• Referans28 Hudziak JJ, van Beijsterveldt CE, Bartels M et al. Individual differences in aggression: genetic analyses by age, gender, and informant in 3-, 7-, and 10-year-old Dutch twins. Behav Genet. 2003;33(5):575-89.
• Referans29 Moffitt TE. Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behaviors: evidence from behavioral-genetic research. Adv Genet 2005;55: 41–99.
• Referans30 McDermott R, Hatemi PK. The Relationship Between Physical Aggression, Foreign Policy, and Moral Choices: Phenotypic and Genetic Findings. Aggr. Behav. 2016 May;9999:1–10,2016.
• Referans31 Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE et al. Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science. 2002;297(5582):851-4.
• Referans32 Sabol SZ, Hu S, Hamer D. A functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter. Hum Genet. 1998;103(3):273-9.
• Referans33 Huang YY, Cate SP, Battistuzzi C, Oquendo MA, Brent D, Mann JJ. An association between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase a gene promoter, impulsive traits and early abuse experiences. Neuropsychopharmacol 2004;29:1498–1505.
• Referans34. Stetler DA, Davis C, Leavitt K et al. Association of low-activity MAOA allelic variants with violent crime in incarcerated offenders. J Psychiatr Res. 2014;58:69-75.
• Referans35 Stochholm K, Bojesen A, Jensen AS, Juul S, Gravholt CH. Criminality in men with Klinefelter's syndrome and XYY syndrome: a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2012;2(1):e000650. Referans36 Heise LL. Violence against women: an integrated, ecological framework. Violence Against Women. 1998;4(3):262-90.
• Referans37 McKinney CM, Caetano R, Ramisetty-Mikler S, Nelson S. Childhood family violence and perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence: findings from a national population-based study of couples. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19(1):25-32.
• Referans38 Stuart GL, McGeary JE, Shorey RC, Knopik VS, Beaucage K, Temple JR. Genetic associations with intimate partner violence in a sample of hazardous drinking men in batterer intervention programs. Violence Against Women. 2014;20(4):385-400.
• Referans39 Cordero MI, Poirier GL, Marquez C et al. Evidence for biological roots in the transgenerational transmission of intimate partner violence. Transl Psychiatry 2012;24;2:e106.