Role of Microbiota in Cancer Development and Treatment

Year 2024, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 111 - 130, 28.08.2024

Seval Taliboğlu , Fadime Kıran

https://doi.org/10.18614/deutip.1400790

Abstract

Causing annual death to millions of people, cancer is considered to be the most dangerous disease followed by cardiovascular diseases. Methods such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are widely used for cancer treatment. However, the fact that current treatment methods cause negative side effects to the patients increases the need for additional treatment approaches. In recent years, research on the effects of microbiota on human health has gained momentum. Studies focused on cancer-microbiota indicate that microbiota plays an important role in cancer development and treatment. In addition to risk factors such as genetic mutations, diet, age and lifestyle, disruption of microbiota diversity and balance is also considered one of the important factors that causes cancer. Disruption of microbiota balance contributes to oncogenesis by causing an increase in pathogens such as Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Bacteriodes fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum and a decrease in microbiota diversity. On the contrary, a balanced microbiota can have an anti-cancer effect by stimulating different signaling pathways and support the treatment process. Recently, the discovery of new microbial biomarkers has become a very important goal in cancer diagnosis like improvement and maintenance of microbiota balance has become in cancer treatment. Within the scope of this review, the microbiota-cancer relationship is summarized, taking into account microbial cancer biomarkers and microbiota modulation focused treatments.

Keywords

cancer, microbiota, biomarker, cancer treatment

Kanser Gelişiminde ve Tedavisinde Mikrobiyotanın Rolü

Abstract

Her yıl milyonlarca insanın ölümüne sebep olan kanser, kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan sonra en tehlikeli hastalık grubu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kanser tedavisi amacıyla radyoterapi, kemoterapi ve immünoterapi gibi yöntemler yaygın olarak uygulanmaktadır. Ancak, mevcut tedavi yöntemlerinin hastada olumsuz yan etkilere neden olması ek tedavi yaklaşımlarına duyulan ihtiyacı artırmaktadır. Mikrobiyotanın insan sağlığı üzerine olan etkilerine yönelik çalışmalar son yıllarda hız kazanmıştır. Kanser-mikrobiyota ilişkisi üzerine odaklanan çalışmalar ise mikrobiyotanın kanser gelişiminde ve tedavisinde önemli bir rol oynadığına işaret etmektedir. Genetik mutasyonlar, diyet, yaş, yaşam tarzı gibi risk faktörlerin yanı sıra, konak mikrobiyota çeşitliliğinin ve dengesinin bozulması da kansere sebep olan önemli etkenler arasında kabul edilmektedir. Mikrobiyota dengesinin bozulması, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Bacteriodes fragilis ve Fusobacterium nucleatum gibi patojenlerin artmasına ve mikrobiyota çeşitliliğinin azalmasına neden olarak onkojeneze katkıda bulunmaktadır. Bunun tam aksine, dengeli bir mikrobiyota ise farkı sinyal yolaklarını uyararak anti-kanser etki gösterebilmekte ve tedavi sürecini destekleyebilmektedir. Son yıllarda, yeni mikrobiyal biyobelirteçlerin keşfi kanser teşhisinde, mikrobiyota dengesinin iyileştirilmesi ve korunması ise kanser tedavisinde oldukça önemli bir hedef haline gelmiştir. Bu derleme kapsamında mikrobiyota-kanser ilişkisi, mikrobiyal kanser biyobelirteçleri ve mikrobiyota modülasyon odaklı tedaviler dikkate alınarak özetlenmiştir.

Keywords

kanser, mikrobiyota, biyobelirteç, kanser tedavisi

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