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Jewish Traces in Ancient Anatolian Epigraphy

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 54 - 79, 30.04.2024

Abstract

Since the beginning of the nineteenth century, researchers on the subject have endeavoured intensively to identify the first traces of the Jewish presence in Anatolia. Their efforts have led to the formation of a unique corpus on the Jewish and Christian presence in Anatolia in languages other than Turkish. Studies in this field are almost non-existent in Turkey. Orientalist elements in the studies conducted abroad have led to the emergence of very damaging and biased studies in understanding the cultural elements in Anatolia. The idea of eliminating the research gap in Turkish on this subject, which concerns the history of Anatolian geography and is important in understanding the cultural development of the regions, and the effort to understand the common pagan-Jewish-Christian structure with an external evaluation stands before us as a necessity. The identification and study of the Jewish presence in Anatolia provides unique information not only in terms of theological studies but also in the field of Ancient History in terms of understanding the administration of Anatolia in the Hellenistic Age and Roman Period. To be able to read history through the groups seen as "other", to be able to identify the details, and to approach these details by accepting that they are the missing piece of the puzzle, constitutes the key to making more robust interpretations of the whole. In this context, determining the method is the first stage of the study. This study aims to provide a guide for the identification of Jewish elements in Old Age Anatolian epigraphy, as well as to generate a discussion on methodology. A more eclectic methodology will allow for a healthier interpretation of our results on a macro scale.

Project Number

20217780764

References

  • Altınel, Tolga Savaş. “Soyun Önemi Bağlamında Yahudi-Haşmoni Krallığı ve Vaftizci Yahya”, Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52 (2017), 115-138.
  • Ameling, Walter. Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis. II: Kleinasien. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2004.
  • Anderson, J. G. C. “Exploration in Galatia cis Halym. Part II”. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 19 (1899), 280-318.
  • Aydın, Fuat. Yahudilik: Tarih, İnanç, İbadet, Kültür.İstanbul: Mahya Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Bulletin de correspondance hellenique. Erişim 21.02.2024. https://www.persee.fr/collection/bch
  • Bellen, Heinz. “Συναγωγή τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ Θεοσεβῶν”. Die Aussage einer bosporanischen Freilassungsinschrift (CIRB 71) zum Problem der “Gottfürchtigen”, JAC 8/9 (1998), 171-176.
  • Besalel, Yusuf. Yahudilik Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: Gözlem, 2001.
  • Bonz, Marianne Palmer. “The Jewish Donor Inscriptions from Aphrodisias: Are They Both Third-Century, and Who Are the Theosebeis?”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 96 (1994), 291-294.
  • Cicero. The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero. çev: C. D.Yonge. London: Covent Garden, 1856.
  • Coin Archives “Iudaea Etrog” Erişim: 25.12.2023. https://www.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2325328&AucID=5690&Lot=55160&Val=16b798af165f44cdb41f750ad8953f5f
  • Croin, H. S. “First Report of a Journey in Pisidia, Lycaonia, and Pamphylia”. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 22 (1902). 339-376.
  • Cross, F. Moore. The Hebrew Inscriptions from Sardis. The Harvard Theological Review, 95/1 (2002), 1-19.
  • Dagron, Gilbert – Feissel, Denis. Inscriptions de Cilicie. Paris: De Boccard, 1987.
  • Dinç, U. “Küçük Asya’da Antik Bir Sinagog: Sardis Sinagogu”. OANNES, 5/2 (2023), 817-857.
  • Dörner, Friedrich – Stritzky, Maria-Barabara. Tituli Asiae Minoris IV, Vindobona: Apud Academiam Scientiarum Austriacam, 1978.
  • Fine, Steven. Jews, Christians, and Polytheists in the Ancient Synagogue. London: Routledge, 2005.
  • Frey, Jean Baptiste. Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaicarum. Roma: Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1936-1952.
  • Goodenough, Erwin. Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, 5. New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1956.
  • Hachlili, Rachel. Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
  • Hachlili, Rachel. The Menorah, The Ancient Seven-Armed Candelabrum. Leiden: Brill, 2001.
  • Hachlili, Rachel. Ancient Synagogues-Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
  • Harland, A. Philip. Associations, Synagogues, and Congregations: Claiming a Place in Ancient Mediterranean Society, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2013.
  • Harper, Richard P. “Tituli Comanorum Cappadociae”, Anatolian Studies, 18 (1968), 8:06.
  • Tal Ilan, Lexicon of Jewish Names in Late Antiquity. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
  • Iosephus, Jewish Antiquities, Erişim 16.02.2023. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text? doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0145%3Abook%3D20%3Awhiston+chapter%3D8 %3Awhiston+section%3D11
  • Jacobs, Andrew. “The Lion and the Lamb: Reconsidering “Jewish-Christian Relations” in Antiquity”. The Ways that Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Antiquity and the Middle
  • Ages. ed. Annete Yoshiko Reed and Adam Becker, 95-118. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003.
  • Jewish Encyclopedia. New York and London: Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1902. Kraabel, Alf Thomas. “The Diaspora Synagogue: Archaeological and Epigraphic Evidence since Sukenik”. Halbband Religion, ed. Wolfgang Haase, 477-510. Boston: De Gruyter, 1979.
  • Kraabel, Alf Thomas. “The Disappearance of the God-fearers”. Numen, 28 (1981), 113-126.
  • Kraemer, Ross. “Jewish Tuna and Christian Fish: Identifying Religious Affiliation in Epigraphic Sources”. HTR 84/2 (1991), 141-162.
  • Lange, Armin. “Jews in Ancient and Late Ancient Asia Minor between Acceptance and Rejection”. Journal of Ancient Judaism, 5 (2014), 223-244.
  • Last, Richard. “Other Synagogues”. Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period, 47/3 (2016), 330-363.
  • Levine, Lee. I. “The First-Century Synagogue: New Perspectives”. Svensk Teologisk Kvartalskrift, 77 (2001), 22-30. Levine, Lee I. The Ancient Synagogue. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.
  • Lowe, M. “Who Were the ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΙ?” Novum Testamentum, 18/2 (1976), 101-130.
  • Louis, Robert. “Nouvelles inscriptions de Sardes”. Librairie d’Amerique et d’Orient Adrien Maisonneuve (1964), 37-58.
  • Magnes, Jodi. “Helios and Zodiac Cycle in Ancient Palestian Synagogues”. Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past. ed. W. G. Dever and S. Gitin. 363-389. Michigan: Eisenbrauns, 2003.
  • Malay, Hasan. Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Manisa Museum. Wien: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1994.
  • Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antiqua III. Josef Keil – Adolf Wilhelm. Manchester: The Manchester University Press, 1932.
  • ...Antiqua VI. ed. W. M. Calder and W. H. Buckler. Manchester: The Manchester University Press, 1941.
  • ...Antiqua XI. ed. P. Thonemann. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 2013.
  • Merkelbach, Reinhold – Dörner, Friedrich – Şahin, Sencer. Die Inschriften von Kalchedon. Bonn: Habelt, 1980. Miranda, Elena. “La Comunita Giudaica di Hierapolis di Frigia”. Epigraphica Anatolica (1999). 109-156.
  • Mitchell, Stephen. The Christians of Phrygia from Rome to the Turkish Conquest, Leiden: Brill.2023.
  • Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu. The Phrygian Language, Leiden: Brill, 2020.
  • Onur, Fatih. “New Inscriptions from Hadrianoi Pros Olympon (Mysia)”, Olba, XIX (2011), 325-348.
  • Pennacchietti, Fabrizio. “Nuove iscrizioni di Hierapolis Frigia”. AAT, 101/67 (1996), 287-328.
  • Petzl, George. Sardis: Greek and Latin Inscriptions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019.
  • Rajak, Tessa - Noy, David. “Archisynagogoi: Office, Title and Social Status in the Greco-Jewish Synagogue". The Journal of Roman Studies 83 (1993), 75-93.
  • Regional Epigraphic Catalogues of Asia Minor II: The Ankara District, The Inscriptions of Nort Galatia. ed. Stephen Mitchell. Oxford: B.A.R, 1982.
  • Ramsay, William. The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia: Being and Essay on the Local History of Phrygia from the Earliest Times to the Turkish Conquest I-II, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897.
  • Rosenfeld, Ben Zin - Menirav, Joseph. “The Ancient Synagogue as an Economic Center.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 58/4 (1999), 259-276.
  • Runesson, Anders - Binder, Donald - Olsson, Birger. The Ancient Synagogue from its Origins to 200 C.E., Leiden: Brill, 2008.
  • Septuagint. Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2019.
  • Smart History, “Dura Sinagogu” Erişim 19.02.2024. https://smarthistory.org/wpcontent/uploads/2023/03/unnamed-10.jpg
  • Supplementum epigraphicum graecum 26-30-32-37. ed. H. W. Pleket and R.S. Stroud. Amsterdam & Leiden: Brill & Geiben, 1976-1987.
  • ...graecum 44-46-49. ed. Pleket, H. W. J. H. Strubble and R.S. Stroud. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben. 1994-1999.
  • ...graecum 57. ed. A. Chaniotis, T. Corsten, R.S. Stroud, R.A. Tybout,Leiden: Brill, 2007.
  • ...graecum 62. ed. A. Chaniotis, T. Corsten, Leiden: Brill, 2016.
  • Sussman, Varda. “The Palm Branch and Lulav Motifs on Oil Lamps from Antiquity”. Liber Annuus,69 (2019), 395-440.
  • Şimşek, Celal. “A Menorah with a cross carved on a column of Nymphaeum A at Laodicea ad Lycum”, Journal of Roman Archaeology, 19 (2006),343-346.
  • Taşpınar, İsmail. Yahudi Kaynaklarına Göre Yahudilik’te Ahiret İnancı. İstanbul: İFAV, 2014.
  • The Abraham Bromberg Collection of Jewish Coins .New York: Superior-Leu, 1991.
  • The Cambridge Greek Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
  • The Encyclopedia of Jewish Symbols. ed. Ellen Frankel and Betsy Platkin Teutsch. London: Jason Aronson Inc. Publishers, 1996.
  • The Liddell, Scott, Jones Ancient Greek Lexicon (LSJ). Erişim 19.02.2024. https://lsj.gr/wiki/ πρεσβύτερος. Trebilco, Paul. Jewish Communities in Asia Minor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  • Türkoğlu, İnci. “Yahudi Geleneğinde Sinagog”. Toplumsal Tarih, 112 (2003), 10-17.
  • Yeni Ahit, SBL Edition, ed. Michael W. Holmes. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, 2010.

Eski Çağ Anadolu Epigrafyasında Yahudi İzleri

Year 2024, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 54 - 79, 30.04.2024

Abstract

Anadolu’daki Yahudi varlığının ilk izlerini belirlemek için konunun araştırmacıları XIX. yüzyıldan başlamak üzere yoğun bir şekilde çaba harcamışlardır. Gösterdikleri çaba Türkçe dışındaki dillerde Anadolu’daki Yahudi ve Hristiyan varlığına yönelik eşsiz bir külliyatın oluşmasına sebep olmuştur. Bahsi geçen külliyat üzerinde Türkiye’de çalışmalar yok denecek kadar az sayıdadır. Yurtdışında yapılan çalışmalardaki oryantalist unsurlar ise, Anadolu’daki kültürel ögelerin anlaşılmasında oldukça zedeleyici olduğu gibi aynı zamanda tarafgir (kendi mensubu olduğu kültürel çerçeveyi ön plana alan) çalışmaların yapılması için uygun zeminin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bahsi geçen şartlar Anadolu coğrafyasının tarihini ilgilendiren ve bölgelerin kültürel gelişiminin anlaşılmasında değerli olan bu konuda Türkçedeki boşluğu giderme düşüncesini, ayrıca pagan-Yahudi-Hristiyan ortak yapılanmayı farklı bir yaklaşımla değerlendirmesi gerekliliğini göstermektedir. Anadolu’daki Yahudi varlığının tespit ve etüt edilmesi sadece ilahiyat çalışmaları açısından değil, aynı zamanda Eski Çağ tarihi alanında Hellenistik Çağ ve Roma Dönemi’nde Anadolu yönetimini anlama açısından da eşsiz bilgiler sağlamaktadır. “Öteki” olarak görülen grupların üzerinden tarihi okuyabilmek, detaylarını tespit edebilmek, bu detaylara yapbozun eksik unsuru olduğunu kabul ederek yaklaşmak, bütün hakkında daha sağlam yorumlar yapabilmenin anahtarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamda yöntemi belirlemek çalışmamızın ilk aşaması niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmanın hedefi Eski Çağ Anadolu epigrafisinde Yahudi unsurların tespitinde kılavuz olmakla beraber yöntem konusunda da bir tartışma alanı açabilmektir. Metodolojinin daha eklektik unsurlardan kurulması sonuçlarımızın makro ölçekte daha sağlıklı yorumlanabilmesine olanak sağlayacaktır.

Supporting Institution

Türk Tarih Kurumu

Project Number

20217780764

References

  • Altınel, Tolga Savaş. “Soyun Önemi Bağlamında Yahudi-Haşmoni Krallığı ve Vaftizci Yahya”, Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52 (2017), 115-138.
  • Ameling, Walter. Inscriptiones Judaicae Orientis. II: Kleinasien. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2004.
  • Anderson, J. G. C. “Exploration in Galatia cis Halym. Part II”. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 19 (1899), 280-318.
  • Aydın, Fuat. Yahudilik: Tarih, İnanç, İbadet, Kültür.İstanbul: Mahya Yayıncılık, 2021.
  • Bulletin de correspondance hellenique. Erişim 21.02.2024. https://www.persee.fr/collection/bch
  • Bellen, Heinz. “Συναγωγή τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ Θεοσεβῶν”. Die Aussage einer bosporanischen Freilassungsinschrift (CIRB 71) zum Problem der “Gottfürchtigen”, JAC 8/9 (1998), 171-176.
  • Besalel, Yusuf. Yahudilik Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul: Gözlem, 2001.
  • Bonz, Marianne Palmer. “The Jewish Donor Inscriptions from Aphrodisias: Are They Both Third-Century, and Who Are the Theosebeis?”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, 96 (1994), 291-294.
  • Cicero. The Orations of Marcus Tullius Cicero. çev: C. D.Yonge. London: Covent Garden, 1856.
  • Coin Archives “Iudaea Etrog” Erişim: 25.12.2023. https://www.coinarchives.com/a/lotviewer.php?LotID=2325328&AucID=5690&Lot=55160&Val=16b798af165f44cdb41f750ad8953f5f
  • Croin, H. S. “First Report of a Journey in Pisidia, Lycaonia, and Pamphylia”. The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 22 (1902). 339-376.
  • Cross, F. Moore. The Hebrew Inscriptions from Sardis. The Harvard Theological Review, 95/1 (2002), 1-19.
  • Dagron, Gilbert – Feissel, Denis. Inscriptions de Cilicie. Paris: De Boccard, 1987.
  • Dinç, U. “Küçük Asya’da Antik Bir Sinagog: Sardis Sinagogu”. OANNES, 5/2 (2023), 817-857.
  • Dörner, Friedrich – Stritzky, Maria-Barabara. Tituli Asiae Minoris IV, Vindobona: Apud Academiam Scientiarum Austriacam, 1978.
  • Fine, Steven. Jews, Christians, and Polytheists in the Ancient Synagogue. London: Routledge, 2005.
  • Frey, Jean Baptiste. Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaicarum. Roma: Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1936-1952.
  • Goodenough, Erwin. Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period, 5. New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1956.
  • Hachlili, Rachel. Ancient Jewish Art and Archaeology in the Diaspora. Leiden: Brill, 1998.
  • Hachlili, Rachel. The Menorah, The Ancient Seven-Armed Candelabrum. Leiden: Brill, 2001.
  • Hachlili, Rachel. Ancient Synagogues-Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
  • Harland, A. Philip. Associations, Synagogues, and Congregations: Claiming a Place in Ancient Mediterranean Society, Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2013.
  • Harper, Richard P. “Tituli Comanorum Cappadociae”, Anatolian Studies, 18 (1968), 8:06.
  • Tal Ilan, Lexicon of Jewish Names in Late Antiquity. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008.
  • Iosephus, Jewish Antiquities, Erişim 16.02.2023. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text? doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0145%3Abook%3D20%3Awhiston+chapter%3D8 %3Awhiston+section%3D11
  • Jacobs, Andrew. “The Lion and the Lamb: Reconsidering “Jewish-Christian Relations” in Antiquity”. The Ways that Never Parted: Jews and Christians in Antiquity and the Middle
  • Ages. ed. Annete Yoshiko Reed and Adam Becker, 95-118. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2003.
  • Jewish Encyclopedia. New York and London: Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1902. Kraabel, Alf Thomas. “The Diaspora Synagogue: Archaeological and Epigraphic Evidence since Sukenik”. Halbband Religion, ed. Wolfgang Haase, 477-510. Boston: De Gruyter, 1979.
  • Kraabel, Alf Thomas. “The Disappearance of the God-fearers”. Numen, 28 (1981), 113-126.
  • Kraemer, Ross. “Jewish Tuna and Christian Fish: Identifying Religious Affiliation in Epigraphic Sources”. HTR 84/2 (1991), 141-162.
  • Lange, Armin. “Jews in Ancient and Late Ancient Asia Minor between Acceptance and Rejection”. Journal of Ancient Judaism, 5 (2014), 223-244.
  • Last, Richard. “Other Synagogues”. Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman Period, 47/3 (2016), 330-363.
  • Levine, Lee. I. “The First-Century Synagogue: New Perspectives”. Svensk Teologisk Kvartalskrift, 77 (2001), 22-30. Levine, Lee I. The Ancient Synagogue. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.
  • Lowe, M. “Who Were the ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΙ?” Novum Testamentum, 18/2 (1976), 101-130.
  • Louis, Robert. “Nouvelles inscriptions de Sardes”. Librairie d’Amerique et d’Orient Adrien Maisonneuve (1964), 37-58.
  • Magnes, Jodi. “Helios and Zodiac Cycle in Ancient Palestian Synagogues”. Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past. ed. W. G. Dever and S. Gitin. 363-389. Michigan: Eisenbrauns, 2003.
  • Malay, Hasan. Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Manisa Museum. Wien: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1994.
  • Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antiqua III. Josef Keil – Adolf Wilhelm. Manchester: The Manchester University Press, 1932.
  • ...Antiqua VI. ed. W. M. Calder and W. H. Buckler. Manchester: The Manchester University Press, 1941.
  • ...Antiqua XI. ed. P. Thonemann. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 2013.
  • Merkelbach, Reinhold – Dörner, Friedrich – Şahin, Sencer. Die Inschriften von Kalchedon. Bonn: Habelt, 1980. Miranda, Elena. “La Comunita Giudaica di Hierapolis di Frigia”. Epigraphica Anatolica (1999). 109-156.
  • Mitchell, Stephen. The Christians of Phrygia from Rome to the Turkish Conquest, Leiden: Brill.2023.
  • Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu. The Phrygian Language, Leiden: Brill, 2020.
  • Onur, Fatih. “New Inscriptions from Hadrianoi Pros Olympon (Mysia)”, Olba, XIX (2011), 325-348.
  • Pennacchietti, Fabrizio. “Nuove iscrizioni di Hierapolis Frigia”. AAT, 101/67 (1996), 287-328.
  • Petzl, George. Sardis: Greek and Latin Inscriptions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2019.
  • Rajak, Tessa - Noy, David. “Archisynagogoi: Office, Title and Social Status in the Greco-Jewish Synagogue". The Journal of Roman Studies 83 (1993), 75-93.
  • Regional Epigraphic Catalogues of Asia Minor II: The Ankara District, The Inscriptions of Nort Galatia. ed. Stephen Mitchell. Oxford: B.A.R, 1982.
  • Ramsay, William. The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia: Being and Essay on the Local History of Phrygia from the Earliest Times to the Turkish Conquest I-II, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897.
  • Rosenfeld, Ben Zin - Menirav, Joseph. “The Ancient Synagogue as an Economic Center.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 58/4 (1999), 259-276.
  • Runesson, Anders - Binder, Donald - Olsson, Birger. The Ancient Synagogue from its Origins to 200 C.E., Leiden: Brill, 2008.
  • Septuagint. Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers, 2019.
  • Smart History, “Dura Sinagogu” Erişim 19.02.2024. https://smarthistory.org/wpcontent/uploads/2023/03/unnamed-10.jpg
  • Supplementum epigraphicum graecum 26-30-32-37. ed. H. W. Pleket and R.S. Stroud. Amsterdam & Leiden: Brill & Geiben, 1976-1987.
  • ...graecum 44-46-49. ed. Pleket, H. W. J. H. Strubble and R.S. Stroud. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben. 1994-1999.
  • ...graecum 57. ed. A. Chaniotis, T. Corsten, R.S. Stroud, R.A. Tybout,Leiden: Brill, 2007.
  • ...graecum 62. ed. A. Chaniotis, T. Corsten, Leiden: Brill, 2016.
  • Sussman, Varda. “The Palm Branch and Lulav Motifs on Oil Lamps from Antiquity”. Liber Annuus,69 (2019), 395-440.
  • Şimşek, Celal. “A Menorah with a cross carved on a column of Nymphaeum A at Laodicea ad Lycum”, Journal of Roman Archaeology, 19 (2006),343-346.
  • Taşpınar, İsmail. Yahudi Kaynaklarına Göre Yahudilik’te Ahiret İnancı. İstanbul: İFAV, 2014.
  • The Abraham Bromberg Collection of Jewish Coins .New York: Superior-Leu, 1991.
  • The Cambridge Greek Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
  • The Encyclopedia of Jewish Symbols. ed. Ellen Frankel and Betsy Platkin Teutsch. London: Jason Aronson Inc. Publishers, 1996.
  • The Liddell, Scott, Jones Ancient Greek Lexicon (LSJ). Erişim 19.02.2024. https://lsj.gr/wiki/ πρεσβύτερος. Trebilco, Paul. Jewish Communities in Asia Minor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
  • Türkoğlu, İnci. “Yahudi Geleneğinde Sinagog”. Toplumsal Tarih, 112 (2003), 10-17.
  • Yeni Ahit, SBL Edition, ed. Michael W. Holmes. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software, 2010.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Christian Studies, Jewish Studies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Umut Dinç 0000-0002-7368-7697

Project Number 20217780764
Early Pub Date April 28, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date February 22, 2024
Acceptance Date April 10, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

ISNAD Dinç, Umut. “Eski Çağ Anadolu Epigrafyasında Yahudi İzleri”. Dinler Tarihi 1/1 (April 2024), 54-79.

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