Identity Under the Cross: The Problem of Identity and Personality in the Light of Nietzsche's Critique of Christianity and Theological Responses

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 8, 260 - 284, 31.12.2024

Ayhan Aksakallı

https://doi.org/10.69515/dinveinsan.1554208

Abstract

This study examines Friedrich Nietzsche's critique of Christianity in the context of its effects on identity and
morality. Nietzsche criticizes Christian ethics as a system that suppresses individuality and limits creativity. According
to him, the sense of guilt is used to repress individual freedom. As an alternative, the concept of übermensch advocates
for individuals to create their own values. However, theological perspectives emphasize individuality and human dignity
through the doctrine of imago Dei. Bonhoeffer argues that Christianity offers a liberating experience instead of guilt.
The study presents a reconciliatory model for identity formation by combining Nietzsche's emphasis on individuality
with theological narratives. This model focuses on balancing individuality and community ties, contributing to the understanding
of the dynamic relationship between identity and morality. These perspectives, the study offers insights
into the dynamics of identity, morality, and individuality.

Keywords

Metaphysics, identity, Nietzsche, autonomy, übermensch

Çarmıhın Altında Kimlik: Nietzsche’nin Hristiyanlık Eleştirisi ve Teolojik Yanıtlar Işığında Kimlik ve Kişilik Sorunu

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Friedrich Nietzsche’nin Hristiyanlık eleştirisini kimlik ve ahlak üzerindeki etkileri bağlamında inceler.
Nietzsche, Hristiyan etiğini bireyselliği baskılayan ve yaratıcılığı sınırlayan bir sistem olarak eleştirir. Ona göre,
suçluluk duygusu bireysel özgürlüğü bastırmak için kullanılır. Alternatif olarak sunduğu übermensch kavramı, bireyin
kendi değerlerini yaratmasını savunur. Ancak teolojik perspektifler, imago Dei doktriniyle bireyselliği ve insan onurunu
vurgular. Bonhoeffer ise Hristiyanlığın suçluluk yerine özgürleştirici bir deneyim sunduğunu öne sürer. Çalışma, Nietzsche’nin
bireysellik vurgusunu teolojik anlatılarla birleştirerek kimlik oluşumuna yönelik uzlaşmacı bir model sunar.
Bu model, bireyselliği ve topluluk bağlarını dengelemeye odaklanır ve kimlik ile ahlak arasındaki dinamik ilişkiyi anlamaya
katkı sağlar.

Keywords

Metafizik, kimlik, Nietzsche, özerklik, üstinsan

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