Diş Hekimliğinde Fraktal Analiz Kullanımı: Derleme

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 55 - 64, 28.08.2024

Abdulkadir Kemal Binici , Fitnat Deniz Özbay Çetiner

https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1443780

Abstract

‘Fraktal’ kelimesi Latince’de ‘kırık, parça’ anlamına gelen ‘fractus’ sözcüğünden türemiştir. Eğriler, birbiri ile ilişkisi bulunmayan dağınık noktalar, yüzeyler ve standart geometride benzeri bulunmayan amorf yapıları tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Fraktal analiz (FA), görüntü boyunca desenler sergileyen karmaşık geometrik yapıların niceliksel olarak değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir yöntemdir. Bilgisayar algoritmasıyla hesaplanan fraktal boyut (FB), yapının karmaşıklığını tanımlar ve tek bir sayıyla temsil edilir. FB’nin hesaplanması amacıyla birçok yöntem kullanılmıştır. Mesafe ölçümüne bağlı FB hesabı yapılan yöntemler arasında Richardson metodu, kutu sayma metodu ve Flook tarafından geliştirilmiş olan dilatasyon metodu (piksel genişletme metodu) yer almaktadır. FB analizi için kullanılan en popüler yöntem kutu sayma yöntemidir. Genel olarak FB’un yüksek olması yapının daha karmaşık, FB’un düşük olması da yapının daha basit internal düzene sahip olduğu anlamına gelmektedir Fraktal analizden günümüzde pek çok alanda yararlanılmaktadır. Diş hekimliğinde birçok sistemik patolojinin ve periapikal lezyonların tanısının konulması, antiepileptik, kortizon gibi kullanılan ilaçların ve diabetes mellitus, talesemi majör, osteoporöz gibi çeşitli sistemik hastalıkların çene kemikleri üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi, oral malign ve premalign lezyonların iç yapısının incelenmesi, endodontik tedavi sonrasında kemikteki iyileşmenin takibi ve implantların osseointegrasyonunun değerlendirilmesi gibi pek çok amaçla FB hesaplaması yapılmaktadır. FA; non-invaziv olması, kolay uygulanabilirliği ve düşük maliyeti sebebiyle son yıllarda yaygın olarak kullanılmakta olup, etkin bir diagnostik araçtır.
Bu derlemenin amacı; FBA’nın diş hekimliğinde kullanım alanlarının güncel literatürler taranarak tek bir başlık altında toplanması ve bu konuda çalışma yapmak isteyen yazarlara genel bir bilgi vermesidir.

Keywords

fraktal analiz, fraktal boyut, diş hekimliği

Fractal Analysis in Dentistry: Review

Abstract

The word 'Fractal' derives from the Latin word 'fractus', meaning 'broken, piece'. Fractal is used to describe curves, unrelated scattered points, surfaces, and amorphous structures that have no analogs in standard geometry. Fractal analysis (FA) is a method for quantitatively evaluating complex geometric structures that exhibit patterns throughout the image. The fractal dimension (FD), calculated by a computer algorithm, describes the complexity of the structure and is represented by a single number. Many methods have been used to calculate FB. Methods that calculate FB based on distance measurement include the Richardson method, the box-counting method, and the dilation method (pixel expansion method) developed by Flook. The most popular method used for FB analysis is the box-counting method. In general, a higher FB means that the structure is more complex, and a lower FB means that the structure has a simpler internal order. Fractal analysis is used in many areas today. In dentistry, FD calculation is performed for many purposes such as diagnosing many systemic pathologies and periapical lesions, evaluation of the effects of drugs such as antiepileptics and cortisone, and various systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thalassemia major and osteoporosis on the jaw bones, examining the internal structure of oral malignant and premalignant lesions, monitoring of bone healing after endodontic treatment and evaluating osseointegration. FA has been widely used in recent years due to its non-invasiveness, easy applicability, and low cost, and it is an effective diagnostic tool.
This review aims to gather the areas of use of FBA in dentistry under a single heading by scanning the current literature and providing general information to authors who want to work on this subject.

Keywords

fractal analysis, fractal dimension, dentistry

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