Küresel Göç Çağında Osmanlı Transatlantik Göçleri ve Sebepleri (1870-1914)

Öz

XIX. yüzyıl sonundan XX. yüzyıl başına kadar yarım milyona yakın Osmanlı vatandaşı imparatorluğun Suriye vilayetinden Amerika kıtasına göç etmiştir. Bu makale Osmanlı arşivlerindeki belgeler ve Arjantin ve ABD’nin tarihsel göç kayıtları ışığında bu büyük göç dalgasını incelemektedir. Makale mevcut literatürdeki göçleri 1860’lı yıllarda Suriye’nin çeşitli bölgelerinde patlak veren iç çatışmaların bir sonucu olduğu yönündeki iddiayı çürütürken, göçlerin meydana gelmesinde nüfus artışı, yerel ekonomilerdeki daralma ve zorunlu askerlik uygulamaları gibi ekonomik ve sosyal motivasyonların belirleyici rol oynadıklarını iddia etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
• XIX. Yüzyıl
• Göç
• Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
• Arjantin
• Küreselleşme Çağı

Transatlantic Migrations and Their Causes in an Age of Global Migration (1870–1914)

Abstract

From the late nineteenth century up to World War I, approximately half a million Ottoman citizens immigrated to the Americas from the province of Greater Syria. This article examines the fundamental reasons for this mass emigration in the light of the Ottoman archives and historical migration records of Argentina and the United States. While these migration movements have traditionally been depicted as the consequence of civil war and local unrest in the empire in the 1860s, this article argues that social and economic factors—namely population growth, economic deterioration, and military conscription—played the determinant role in the exodus of Ottoman Syrians.

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