Modern Siyaset Tasavvurunun Paradigmatik Öncülleri

Year 2014, Issue: 37, 1 - 50, 01.12.2014

M. Akif Kayapınar

Abstract

Bugün itibariyle sert eleştirilere maruz kalan modern siyaset tasavvurunun paradigmatik çerçevesi, ana hatlarıyla 17. yüzyılda çizilmiş; ardından gelen dönemlerde pek çok paradigma-içi revizyona uğramış olsa da günümüze değin önce Batı’da sonra da Batı’nın dünya sathındaki genişlemesine paralel bir şekilde, neredeyse bütün toplumlarda ana-akım siyaset anlayışını belirleye gelmiştir. Nitekim bu konuda, günümüzdeki siyasal değerler için kriter kabul edilen 1776 tarihli Amerikan Bağımsızlık Bildirgesi, 1789 tarihli Amerikan Haklar Beyannamesi ve Fransız İnsan ve Vatandaşlık Hakları Bildirgesi’nin yazarlarının, 17. yüzyılda geliştirilen bireyci tabii hukuk yaklaşımını metinleri için temel referans noktası almış olduklarını hatırlatmak yeterlidir. Bu makalenin amacı, modern siyaset tasavvurunun paradigmatik yapısını yaslandığı öncüller üzerinden yeniden tasvir etmek, böylelikle eleştiri literatürüne çözümleyici bir katkıda bulunmaktır. 17. yüzyıldan itibaren, özellikle Batı’da filizlenmiş ve olgunlaşmış ve birbiriyle rekabet hâlindeki pek çok teorik yaklaşımı yatay kesen bu öncüller siyasal alanın özerkliği, “iyi hayat” idealinin terki, özgürlük ve eşitlik ekseni, tabii hukuk ve tabii haklar nosyonu, bireycilik ve akılcılık şeklinde özetlenebilir

Keywords

Modern Siyaset Tasavvuru, Siyasal Alan, Hobbes, Locke, Sosyal Sözleşme, Faydacılık, Liberalizm

Paradigmatic Premises of the Modern Political Imaginary

Abstract

The paradigmatic boundaries of modern political imaginary
were drawn in Europe throughout the seventeenth century.
Although it went through several intra-paradigmatic revisions,
the mainstream approach to politics has been set by
this framework first in the West and then in the “rest,” along
with the unprecedented civilizational expansion of the West
over other parts of the world. Suffice to say that the authors
of the 1776 U.S. Declaration of Independence, the American
Bill of Rights, and the Declaration of Human and Civic
Rights in 1789, which are popularly considered the universal
framework of reference for contemporary political values,
took the individualist natural law approach of the seventeenth
century as the point of departure for their texts. This
article aims to describe modern political imaginary through
the paradigmatic premises it relies on thereby providing a
de-constructive contribution to the critical literature on
the modern conception of politics. Cutting across several
different and even rival theoretical reflections on politics
developed in the West since the great revolution of the seventeenth
century, these premises can be summarized as the
notion of the autonomy of politics, lack of the idea of the
“good life,” the axis of freedom and equality, the conception
of natural law and natural rights, individualism and rationalism

Keywords

Modern Political Imaginary, Realm of Politics, Hobbes, Locke, Social Contract, Utilitarianism, Liberalism

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