Amaç: Bu çalışma disleksi olan ve olmayan, ilkokul 1. ve 2. sınıf düzeyinde eğitim gören öğrencilerin artikülasyon, işitsel ayırt etme ve fonolojik farkındalık becerilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntem: Araştırmada karşılaştırmalı betimsel araştırma modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları disleksi olan 22 (6 kız, 16 erkek) ve onlarla yaş ve cinsiyete göre eşleştirilmiş tipik dil gelişimine sahip olup okuma güçlüğü yaşamayan 22, toplam 44 ilkokul öğrencisidir. Katılımcıların tümü 7,0-8,11 yaş aralığında olup, 17’si 1. sınıf, 27’si ise 2. sınıf düzeyinde Antalya ilindeki çeşitli ilkokullarda eğitim görmektedir. Çalışmaya katılan toplam 44 öğrenciye artikülasyon yetkinliklerini incelemek için Sesletim Sesbilgisi Testi’nin (SST) Sesletim Tarama Alt Testi (SET), işitsel farkındalık becerilerini incelemek için SST’nin İşitsel Ayırt Etme Alt Testi (İAT) ve son olarak fonolojik farkındalık becerilerini incelemek için Türkçe Fonolojik Farkındalık Testi (FFT) uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Disleksili grupta akranlarına kıyasla SET standart puanının, İAT standart puanının ve FFT toplam ham puanının anlamlı şekilde daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. FFT’nin 9 alt testine ait puanlarda ise sözcük birleştirme hariç kafiye ve fonem düzeyindeki tüm görevlerde iki grup arasında anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu ve yine disleksili katılımcıların daha düşük performans gösterdiği bulunmuştur. SET, İAT ve FFT testlerinin birbiri ile olan ilişkisine bakıldığında okuma güçlüğü yaşamayan grupta 3 test arasında anlamlı ilişkiye rastlanmamış olup, disleksili grupta SET-İAT, SET-FFT ve İAT-FFT arasında pozitif yönde orta ilişki saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu araştırmada disleksi olan 1. ve 2. sınıf çocuklarının disleksi olmayan akranlarına kıyasla artikülasyon, işitsel ayırt etme ve fonolojik farkındalık becerilerinde güçlük yaşadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Purpose: Dyslexia is related to phonological awareness skills as well as perception of speech sounds and knowledge of rules regarding their use. In addition, phonological awareness skills and articulation competence are in an interactive relationship. It is well-established in the literature that individuals with dyslexia are behind their typically developing peers in speech and language skills as well as phonological awareness skills. This study aims to examine the articulation, auditory discrimination and phonological awareness skills of primary school 1st and 2nd grade students with and without dyslexia.
Method: A comparative descriptive research model was used in the study. The study involved a total of 44 primary school students, comprising of 22 students diagnosed with dyslexia (6 girls and 16 boys) and 22 students with typical language development and without reading difficulties, matched by age and gender. The participants were between the ages of 7.0-8.11, and 17 of them were 1st grade students and 27 of them were 2nd grade students in various primary schools in Antalya province in Turkey. While determining the students who showed typical language development and did not have reading difficulties to participate in the study, the Turkish School Age Language Development Test (TODİL) was administered. Those students whose verbal language skills were below average were not included in the study. A total of 44 students included in the study were administered the Articulation Screening Subtest (SET) of the Turkish Articulation and Phonology Test (SST) to examine their articulation competence, the Auditory Discrimination Subtest (IAT) of the SST to examine their auditory awareness skills, and finally the Turkish Phonological Awareness Test (FFT) to examine their phonological awareness skills.
Results It was observed that the SET standard score, IAT standard score and FFT total raw score were significantly lower in the dyslexia group compared to their peers. As a result of the 9 subtests of the FFT, it was found that there were significant differences between the two groups in all tasks at the rhyme and phoneme level, except for word combination, and the dyslexic participants showed lower performance. When the relationship between SET, IAT and FFT tests was examined, no significant relationship was found between the 3 tests in the group without reading difficulties, but moderate positive relationships were found between SET-IAT, SET-FFT, and IAT-FFT in the dyslexia group. Examining the relationship between SET, IAT, and FFT tests in this group, moderate positive correlations were identified between SET-IAT (rS = 0.569; p = 0.006 < 0.05), SET-FFT (rS = 0.442; p = 0.04 < 0.05), and IAT-FFT (rS = 0.535; p = 0.01 < 0.05). In contrast, for the group without dyslexia, there was no significant relationship between SET-IAT (rS = 0.123; p = 0.586 > 0.05), SET-FFT (rS = 0.322; p = 0.144 > 0.05), and IAT-FFT (rS = 0.091; p = 0.687 > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that the 1st and 2nd grade children diagnosed with dyslexia had difficulties in articulation, auditory discrimination and phonological awareness skills compared to their peers without a diagnosis.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Speech Pathology |
Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | December 30, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 |
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