Afazili Bireylerin ve Yakınlarının İletişime ve İlişkili Sorunlara Yönelik Algıları

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 142 - 161, 01.08.2018

Çiğdem Eryılmaz Canlı Bülent Toğram

Abstract

Giriş: Tüm dünyada yaşlı nüfus için önemli sağlık sorunlarından biri halini alan inme, her yıl yaklaşık 15 milyon kişiyi etkilemektedir. Son yıllarda görülen inme sayısındaki artış, afazi vakalarının da artışını beraberinde getirmektedir. Afazi, inme sonrasında %30 oranında görülen bir sendromdur. Bu sendrom, ani ortaya çıkan ve çoğu zaman kalıcı olan hem afazili bireyin hem de yakınlarının hayatının tamamını değiştiren bir olaydır. Bu çalışma, afazili bireyler ile yakınlarının yaşanılan iletişim sorunlarına ve ilişkili sorunlara yönelik algılarını sorgulayan betimsel bir çalışmadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: ‘Yetişkin Afazili Bireylerde İletişim Sorunlarının Belirlenmesi Anketi’ inme geçirmiş, afazili bireylere uygulanan, bireylerin yaşadığı iletişim sorunlarını saptamayı amaçlayan 13 maddelik bir ankettir. Bu maddelerde afazili bireye karşı gösterilen saygı, bireyin kendini nasıl hissettiği ve inme öncesine göre bazı alanlarda fark olup olmadığı gibi konularda bilgi edinmek hedeflenmiştir. Ankete 33 afazili birey ile 33 afazili bireyin yakını katılmıştır. Afazili bireylerin ve yakınlarının cevapları birbirleri ile kıyaslanmış, ve her iki grubun yanıtları da yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu ve inmeden sonra geçen zaman açısından incelenmiştır. Bulgular: Afazili bireylerin ve yakınlarının puanları arasında pozitif ve önemli düzeyde korelasyon olduğu; afazili bireylerin iletişim problemlerine yönelik algılarında cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, inme üzerinden geçen zaman faktörlerinin etkisi bulunmazken, afazi tipinin algıları anlamlı olarak etkilediği; yakınların algılarının ise değişkenlerden etkilenmediği görülmüştür. Sonuç: Afazili bireyin iletişimle ilgili sorunlarının çözülmesi hedeflendiğinde, bu sorunun iki taraflı olduğu göz önünde bulundurulmalı ve afazili bireyin yakını da bu sürece dâhil edilmelidir.

Keywords

afazi, afazili bireyler, iletişim, iletişim sorunları, birincil yakınla afazi, afazili bireyler, iletişim, iletişim sorunları, birincil yakınlar

Communications and Related Problems as Perceived by Aphasic Individuals and Their Relatives

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is one of the major health problems for the elderly population all over the world and it affects about 15 million people every year. This situation got worse in recent years; as stroke increased, aphasia cases increased dramatically. Aphasia is a syndrome which, by definition, is an acquired language disorder and it is the most common language disorder in adults. Aphasia is seen in 30% of the cases after stroke. Aphasia impacts the entire life of both the aphasic individual and his/her close relatives. Therefore, aphasia is not only a language disorder as it affects social roles, family roles and professional identities. Studies on the lives of aphasic individuals have shown they have problems with reading, writing, speaking and auditory comprehension as well as difficulties with daily activities such as speaking on the phone, reading newspapers, watching television. This study is a descriptive study questioning the perceptions of the aphasic individuals and their relatives about communication problems. Method: Questionnaire for Determining Communication Problems in Adult Aphasia Individuals' (Shewan and Cameron, 1984) used in this study includes 13 items. The questionnaire requires the responders to rate the statements such as how the individuals with aphasia feel about themselves, whether their privacy is respected or whether they feel informed about what is happening around them or how they feel about the pace and volume of the conversation around them. 33 aphasic individuals and 33 of their significant others participated in the survey. The ratings of the aphasic individuals were their own views. However, the statements the significant others rated, although the same in content, were worded such that they reflected what the significant others observed about the aphasic individual and the people around them, or how the significant others thought the aphasic would respond. The responders rated each statement on a five-point Likert scale on whether they found the statements to be bothersome. The responses of the aphasic individuals were compared to those of their significant others. Also, the responses were examined in terms of the factors of age, gender, educational status and time since stroke. Results: There was a positive and significant correlation between scores of aphasic individuals and their relatives (r =.496, p<.01). No significant difference was observed between the responses of the two groups (t (64)= .087, p>.05). It was observed that ‘type of aphasia’ was a factor that influenced the perceptions of the communication problems of aphasic individuals. However, gender, age, educational status, time since stroke did not. The perceptions of the relatives were not affected by any of the above variables. Most of the responses of the aphasics were 3 or 4 on the Likert scale while their relatives preferred 2 or 3. Discussion: The perceptions of individuals with aphasia and their significant others about their communication problems and related issues show considerable similarities. However, the aphasics themselves seem to regard the problems as more as severe than their significant others. Attempts to solve the communication problems of aphasic individuals should also involve the significant others around them

Keywords

aphasia, aphasic individuals, communication, communication problems, primary relatives

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