THROMBOANJITIS OBLITERANS(BUERGER‘S DISEASE)

Abstract

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is a non-atherosclerotic segmental inflammatory disease.It affects small and medium-sized arteries and veins in the upper and lower extremities. Cigarette smoke is the main etiology of the disease. As the rate of smoking increases worldwide, so does the number of patients with TAO. Never treatment modalities have shown promising results.These treatments help in reducing pain, the healing of trophic changes, the increase in pain-free walking distance, decreasing the need for major amputations and an overall improvement in quality of life. However,long-term treatments all fail in preventing the diseases’ progression in patients who continue to smoke.With the global increase in smoking in mind, a review of current literature on TAO has been carried out with a focus on modern treatments.

Keywords

• Thromboangiitis obliterans
• Buerger’s Diasease
• Smoking

Tromboangitis obliterans (Buerger Hastalığı)

Abstract

Tromboanjiitis obliterans (TAO), aterosklerotik olmayan, segmental inflamatuar bir hastalıktır. Üst ve alt ekstremitelerde küçük ve orta büyüklükteki arterleri ve venleri etkiler. Sigara hastalığın ana etiyolojisidir. Dünyada sigara içme oranı giderek artıyor. Bu oran arttıkça TAO'lu hasta sayısı da artmaktadır. Hiçbir zaman tedavi yöntemleri umut verici sonuçlar vermemiştir. Ağrıyı azaltmaya, trofik değişiklikleri iyileştirmeye, ağrısız yürüme mesafesini arttırmaya, major amputasyonları azaltmaya, yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Ancak uzun süreli tedavilerin tümü, sigara içmeye devam eden hastalarda hastalığın ilerlemesini önlemede başarısız olur. Sigara kullanımının bu kadar hızlı arttığı hayatımızda güncel yaklaşımlarla TAO hastalığını yeniden gündeme getirmenin iyi olacağını düşündük.

Keywords

• Tromboanjıtıs obliterans
• Buerger hastalığı
• Sigara içimi

References

1. 1. Buerger L. Thrombo-angiitis obliterans: a study of the vascular lesions leading to presenile spontaneous gangrene. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 1973;266(4):278-91.
2. 2. Buerger L. Recent studies in the pathology of thrombo-angiitis obliterans. The Journal of medical research. 1914;31(2):181.
3. 3. Buerger L. THE PATHOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. 1. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences (1827-1924). 1917;154(3):319.
4. 4. Olin J, Young J, Graor R, Ruschhaupt W, Bartholomew J. The changing clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Circulation. 1990;82(5 Suppl):IV3-8.
5. 5. Papa MZ, Adar R. A critical look at thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy. 1992;5(1):1-18.
6. 6. Olin JW. Thromboangiitis obliterans. Current opinion in rheumatology. 1994;6(1):44-9.
7. 7. McKusick VA, Harris WS, Ottesen OE, Goodman RM, Shelley WM, Bloodwell RD. Buerger's disease: a distinct clinical and pathologic entity. Jama. 1962;181(1):5-12.
8. 8. Lie J. The rise and fall and resurgence of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Pathology International. 1989;39(3):153-8.

9. 9. L A. Surgical pathology. 3rd ed. London: Mosby Co., Year Book Inc.; 1995.
10. 10. SS S. Diagnostic surgical pathology. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press; 1994.
11. 11. Kobayashi M, Sugimoto M, Komori K. Endarteritis obliterans in the pathogenesis of Buerger’s disease from the pathological and immunohistochemical points of view. Circulation Journal. 2014:CJ-14-0656.
12. 12. Adar R, Papa MZ, Halpern Z, Mozes M, Shoshan S, Sofer B, et al. Cellular sensitivity to collagen in thromboangiitis obliterans. New England Journal of Medicine. 1983;308(19):1113-6.
13. 13. Piazza G, Creager MA. Thromboangiitis obliterans. Circulation. 2010;121(16):1858-61.
14. 14. Avcu F, Akar E, Demirkiliç U, Yilmaz E, Akar N, Yalçin A. The role of prothrombotic mutations in patients with Buerger's disease. Thromb Res. 2000;100(3):143-7.
15. 15. Maslowski L, McBane R, Alexewicz P, Wysokinski WE. Antiphospholipid antibodies in thromboangiitis obliterans. Vasc Med. 2002;7(4):259-64.
16. 16. Naqvi HA, Bilal M, Yousuf S. Ischemic Colitis in Buerger's Disease: Case Presentation and Review. Cureus. 2020;12(5): 26
17. 17. Michail PO, Filis KA, Delladetsima JK, Koronarchis DN, Bastounis EA. Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) in visceral vessels confirmed by angiographic and histological findings. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1998;16(5):445-8.
18. 18. Harten P, Müller-Huelsbeck S, Regensburger D, Loeffler H. Multiple organ manifestations in thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). A case report. Angiology. 1996;47(4):419-25.
19. 19. Akar M , Saydam O, Işıklı O, Gürsoy M, Bakuy V.Genç bir hastada kardiyak tutulumla seyreden Buerger hastalığı. Cukurova Medical Journal.2016;41(2):408-10
20. 20. Donatelli F, Triggiani M, Nascimbene S, Basso C, Benussi S, Chierchia SL, et al. Thromboangiitis obliterans of coronary and internal thoracic arteries in a young woman. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;113(4):800-2.
21. 21. Rosen N, Sommer I, Knobel B. Intestinal Buerger's disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1985;109(10):962-3.
22. 22. No YJ, Lee EM, Lee DH, Kim JS. Cerebral angiographic findings in thromboangiitis obliterans. Neuroradiology. 2005;47(12):912-5.
23. 23. Shionoya S. Diagnostic criteria of Buerger's disease. Int J Cardiol. 1998;66 Suppl 1:S243-5; discussion S7.
24. 24. Olin JW. Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). N Engl J Med. 2000;343(12):864-9.
25. 25. Lazarides MK, Georgiadis GS, Papas TT, Nikolopoulos ES. Diagnostic criteria and treatment of Buerger's disease: a review. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2006;5(2):89-95.
26. 26. Corelli F. Buerger's disease: cigarette smoker disease may always be cured by medical therapy alone. Uselessness of operative treatment. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1973;14(1):28-36.
27. 27. Hooten WM, Bruns HK, Hays JT. Inpatient treatment of severe nicotine dependence in a patient with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). Mayo Clin Proc. 1998;73(6):529-32.
28. 28. Joyce JW. Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans). Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1990;16(2):463-70.
29. 29. Lie JT. Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) and smokeless tobacco. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31(6):812-3.
30. 30. Cacione DG, Macedo CR, do Carmo Novaes F, Baptista-Silva JC.Pharmacological treatment for Buerger's disease.Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2020;4(5)
31. 31. Bagger JP, Helligsoe P, Randsbaek F, Kimose HH, Jensen BS. Effect of verapamil in intermittent claudication A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study after individual dose-response assessment. Circulation. 1997;95(2):411-4.
32. 32. Cacione DG, Macedo CR, Baptista-Silva JC. Pharmacological treatment for Buerger's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3(3):Cd011033.
33. 33. Oral iloprost in the treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The European TAO Study Group. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1998;15(4):300-7.
34. 34. Bozkurt AK, Cengiz K, Arslan C, Mine DY, Oner S, Deniz DB, et al. A stable prostacyclin analogue (iloprost) in the treatment of Buerger's disease: a prospective analysis of 150 patients. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;19(2):120-5.
35. 35. Hussein EA, el Dorri A. Intra-arterial streptokinase as adjuvant therapy for complicated Buerger's disease: early trials. Int Surg. 1993;78(1):54-8.
36. 36. Niclauss L, Roumy A, Gersbach P. Spinal Cord Stimulation in Thromboangiitis Obliterans and Secondary Raynaud's-Syndrome. EJVES Extra. 2013;26(1):e9-e11.
37. 37. Donas KP, Schulte S, Ktenidis K, Horsch S. The role of epidural spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of Buerger's disease. J Vasc Surg. 2005;41(5):830-6.
38. 38. Nesargikar PN, Ajit MK, Eyers PS, Nichols BJ, Chester JF. Lumbar chemical sympathectomy in peripheral vascular disease: does it still have a role? Int J Surg. 2009;7(2):145-9.
39. 39. Cacione DG, Moreno DH, Nakano LC, Baptista-Silva JC. Surgical sympathectomy for Buerger's disease. JRSM Open. 2017;8(8):2054270417717666.
40. 40. Hoshino S, Nakayama K, Igari T, Honda K. Long-term results of omental transplantation for chronic occlusive arterial diseases. Int Surg. 1983;68(1):47-50.
41. 41. Patwa JJ, Krishnan A. Buerger's Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans)- Management by Ilizarov's Technique of Horizontal Distraction. A Retrospective Study of 60 Cases. Indian J Surg. 2011;73(1):40-7.
42. 42. Sasajima T, Kubo Y, Inaba M, Goh K, Azuma N. Role of infrainguinal bypass in Buerger's disease: an eighteen-year experience. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1997;13(2):186-92.
43. 43. Soliman M, Mowafy K, Elsaadany NA, Soliman R, Elmetwally A. Thromboangiitis obliterans: Aggressive angioplasty provides a potential solution (randomized pilot study). SAGE Open Med. 2020;8:2050312120927636.
44. 44. Tateishi-Yuyama E, Matsubara H, Murohara T, Ikeda U, Shintani S, Masaki H, et al. Therapeutic angiogenesis for patients with limb ischaemia by autologous transplantation of bone-marrow cells: a pilot study and a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360(9331):427-35.
45. 45. Lee HC, An SG, Lee HW, Park JS, Cha KS, Hong TJ, et al. Safety and effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cell implantation in patients with critical limb ischemia: a pilot study. Circ J. 2012;76(7):1750-60.
46. 46. Lee RH, Kim B, Choi I, Kim H, Choi HS, Suh K, et al. Characterization and expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2004;14(4-6):311-24.
47. 47. Friedrich EB, Walenta K, Scharlau J, Nickenig G, Werner N. CD34-/CD133+/VEGFR-2+ endothelial progenitor cell subpopulation with potent vasoregenerative capacities. Circ Res. 2006;98(3):e20-5.
48. 48. Kim HJ, Jang SY, Park JI, Byun J, Kim DI, Do YS, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenic gene therapy in patients with peripheral artery disease. Exp Mol Med. 2004;36(4):336-44.
49. 49. De Haro J, Acin F, Bleda S, Varela C, Esparza L. Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) with bosentan. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012;12:5.