Early Childhood Caries and Candida Relationship

Abstract

The primary risk factors of early childhood caries, which affect young children, are substrate, host, microorganism and time. In recent studies, increased Candida levels in the oral flora of children are associated with development of early childhood caries. Candida ssp. are pathogenic in relation to oral and systemic predisposing factors such as insufficient oral hygiene habits, tooth decay, malnutrition, high carbohydrate dietary habits, immunosuppression, long-term antibiotic treatment and radiation therapy. The pathogenicity of Candida ssp. depends on virulence factors such as adhesion, biofilm formation, germ tube formation, dimorphism, toxin production, enzyme synthesis, phenotypic switch and virulence encoding genes. Candida ssp. play a role in the pathogenesis of caries with carbohydrate fermentation, adhesion to tooth surfaces, biofilm formation, dentinal tubule penetration, enzyme synthesis, aciduricity and acidogenicity properties. In addition, symbiotic relationships between Candida ssp. and Streptococcus mutans cause the development of rapid onset common carious lesions. Studies show that Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida dubliniensis are present in the oral flora of children with early childhood caries. The purpose of this review is to summarize the virulence factors of Candida ssp. and Candida ssp. associated with early childhood caries and to raise awareness on the subject.

Keywords

• Candida
• caries
• oral hygiene

Erken Çocukluk Çağı Çürüğü ve Candida İlişkisi

Abstract

Küçük yaştaki çocukları etkileyen erken çocukluk çağı çürüğünün öncül risk faktörleri substrat, konak, mikroorganizma ve zamandır. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarda çocukların ağız florasındaki artmış Candida seviyeleri erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü gelişimiyle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Candida’lar ağız hijyeni alışkanlıkları, diş çürüğü, yetersiz beslenme, yüksek karbonhidrat içerikli diyet, immünosupresyon, uzun süreli antibiyotik kullanımı ve radyasyon tedavisi gibi oral ve sistemik predispozan faktörlere bağlı olarak patojen özellik göstermektedir. Candida’ların patojenitesi adezyon yapma, biyofilm oluşturma, germ tüp oluşturma, dimorfizm, toksin üretimi, enzim sentezleme, fenotip değişimi ve virülans kodlayan genler gibi virülans faktörlere bağlıdır. Candida’lar karbonhidrat fermentasyonu, diş yüzeylerine adezyon yapma, biyofilm oluşturma, dentin tübüllerini penetre etme, enzim sentezleme, asidojenik ve asidürük olma özellikleriyle çürük patogenezinde rol almaktadır. Ayrıca Candida’lar ile Streptococcus mutans arasındaki simbiyotik etkileşimler hızlı başlangıçlı yaygın çürük lezyonlarının gelişimine neden olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü gözlenen çocukların ağız florasında Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei ve Candida dubliniensis türlerinin bulunduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı Candida’ların virülans faktörlerini ve erken çocukluk çağı çürüğü ile ilişkili Candida türlerini özetlemek ve konuyla ilgili farkındalık oluşturmaktır.

Keywords

• candida
• diş çürüğü
• oral hijyen

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