Bulk Fill Resin Composites in Restorative Dentistry: A Review Article of In Vivo Studies

Abstract

Bulk fill resin composites (BFRCs) were developed to simplify restorative procedures and overcome the limitations of the incremental approach. Applicable in thicknesses of 4–5 mm, they reduce working time while providing satisfactory mechanical and clinical performance. This review article synthesizes in vivo evidence from the last decade on posterior teeth, focusing on the retention, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, postoperative sensitivity, and secondary caries of BFRC restorations. The findings indicate that BFRCs exhibit comparable annual failure rates and retention to composite resins placed incrementally. While marginal discoloration increased over time, no significant differences in marginal integrity were identified. Flowable BFRCs provided superior cavity adaptation, whereas high-viscosity variants offered enhanced mechanical strength. Advancements such as sonic activation and thermo-viscous systems have contributed to improved viscosity and cavity adaptation. Overall, BFRCs represent a clinically reliable material, offering efficiency and acceptable longevity in restorative dentistry.

Keywords

• Bulk fill resin composite
• Clinical trials
• Resin composite
• Marginal discoloration
• Retention

Restoratif Diş Hekimliğinde Bulk Fill Rezin Kompozitler: İn Vivo Çalışmalar Üzerine Bir Derleme Makale

Abstract

Bulk fill rezin kompozitler (BFRK), restoratif prosedürleri kolaylaştırmak ve tabakalı yerleştirme yaklaşımının teknik hassasiyetini azaltmak amacıyla geliştirilmiştir. 4–5 mm kalınlıkta uygulanabilmeleri işlem süresini kısaltırken yeterli mekanik ve klinik performans sağlamaktadır. Bu derleme, son on yılda yayımlanan klinik çalışmaları inceleyerek posterior dişlerdeki BFRK restorasyonlarının retansiyon, kenar adaptasyonu, kenar renkleşmesi, postoperatif hassasiyet ve sekonder çürük kriterlerini değerlendirmektedir. Bulgular, BFRK’lerin geleneksel kompozitlerle benzer yıllık başarısızlık oranları ve retansiyon yüzdeleri gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Zamanla kenar renkleşmesi artsa da kenar bütünlüğü açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunmamaktadır. Akışkan BFRK’ ler kaviteye daha iyi adaptasyon, yüksek viskoziteli BFRK’ ler ise daha yüksek mekanik dayanım sunmaktadır. Sonik aktivasyon ve termo-viskoz sistem BFRK uygulamaları gibi yenilikler, materyallerin viskozitesini ve kaviteye adaptasyonunu daha da geliştirmiştir. Genel olarak, BFRK’ ler işlem süresini kısaltmaları ve kabul edilebilir uzun dönem performanslarıyla restoratif diş hekimliğinde güvenilir materyaller olarak öne çıkmaktadır.

Keywords

• Bulk fill rezin kompozit
• Klinik çalışma
• Kompozit rezin
• Kenar renkleşmesi
• Retansiyon

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