Maksillofasiyal Defektlerin Rekonstrüksiyonunda PEEK Materyalinin Yeri: Bir Literatür Derlemesi

Merve Nur Koroglu; Samet Tekin

Review

PEEK Material in the Reconstruction of Maxillofacial Defects: A Literature Review

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 54 - 70, 30.06.2025

Abstract

Congenital or acquired maxillofacial defects cause aesthetic, phonetic, functional and psychological problems. These multiple problems create various treatment alternatives for the rehabilitation of the defect area. The success of the prosthetic treatment applied in the reconstruction of the defect directly affects patient satisfaction and quality of life. The main aim of prosthetic rehabilitation is to reconstruct the defects and eliminate the associated problems. Material selection in prosthetic treatment is important in terms of patient comfort and acceptability. The main properties desired in this selection are biocompatibility, durability, lightness, shaping capability, thermal resistance, radiolucency and low infectivity. Silicone-based materials, methyl methacrylate, titanium mesh and polyethylene are the materials commonly used in the reconstruction of defects with their advantages and disadvantages. As a result of the search for the ideal material, Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is thought to be an alternative material. This review discusses the use of PEEK for prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with maxillofacial defects.

Keywords

Maxillofacial defect , obturator , PEEK , polyetheretherketone

References

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Maksillofasiyal Defektlerin Rekonstrüksiyonunda PEEK Materyalinin Yeri: Bir Literatür Derlemesi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 54 - 70, 30.06.2025

Merve Nur Koroglu , Samet Tekin

Abstract

Doğumsal veya kazanılmış maksillosiyal defektler estetik, fonetik, fonksiyonel bozukluklar ve psikolojik problemlere sebep olur. Çok yönlü problemler defekt bölgesinin rehabilitasyonu için çeşitli tedavi alternatifleri oluşturur. Defektin rekonstrüksiyonda uygulanan protetik tedavinin başarısı hasta memnuniyetini ve yaşam kalitesini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Protetik rehabilitasyonun primer amacı defektleri kapatmak ve buna bağlı problemleri ortadan kaldırmaktır. Protetik tedavide malzeme seçimi hasta konforu ve kabullenebilirlik açısından önemlidir. Bu seçimde istenilen başlıca özellikler biyouyumluluk, dayanıklılık, hafiflik, şekillendirilebilme imkanı, termal dayanım, radyolüsentlik ve düşük enfeksiyona sebebiyet verebilmesidir. Defektlerin rekonstrüksiyonunda silikon esaslı materyaller, metil metakrilat, titanyum ağ ve polietilen (PE) avantaj ve dezavantaları ile rutinde kullanılan materyallerdir. İdeal malzeme arayışının neticesinde Polietereterketonun (PEEK) alternatif bir materyal olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede maksillofasiyal defekte sahip hastalarda protetik rehabilitasyon amaçlı kullanılan PEEK’in avantaj ve dezavantajlarından bahsedilecektir.

Keywords

Maksillofasiyal defekt , obturatör , PEEK , polietereterketon

References

1. Zafar MS. Prosthodontic Applications of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): An Update. Polymers. 2020 Oct 8;12(10):2299.
2. Beumer, John, Curti̇s TA, ADNF Maxillofacial rehabilitation: prosthodontic and surgical considerations. St. Louis;1996
3. Haraguchi M, Mukohyama H, Taniguchi H. A simple method of fabricating an interim obturator prosthesis by duplicating the existing teeth and palatal form. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2006 Jun;95(6):469-72.
4. Ghulam, A. H., & Abdualhadi, N. F Maxillofacial Obturator and Materials. Baghdad: Universityof Baghdad;2022
5. Gay WD, King GE. Applying basic prosthodontic principles in the dentulous maxillectomy patient. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1980 Apr;43(4):433-5.
6. Kouyoumdjian J, Chalian V. An interim obturator prosthesis with duplicated teeth and palate. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1984 Oct;52(4):560-2.
7. Loibi E, Elangovan S. Two-piece hollow bulb obturator. Indian J Dent Res. 2011;22(3):486.
8. Habib BH, Driscoll CF. Fabrication of a closed hollow obturator. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2004 Apr;91(4):383-5.
9. Caculo SP, Aras MA, Chitre V. Hollow Dentures: Treatment Option for Atrophic Ridges. A Clinical Report. Journal of Prosthodontics. 2013 Apr;22(3):217-22.
10. Maas CS, Merwin GE, Wilson J, Frey MD, Maves MD. Comparison of Biomaterials for Facial Bone Augmentation. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 1990 May 1;116(5):551-6.
11. Kim MM, Boahene KDO, Byrne PJ. Use of Customized Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Implants in the Reconstruction of Complex Maxillofacial Defects. Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery. 2009 Jan 1;11(1):53-7.
12. Ali U, Karim KJBA, Buang NA. A Review of the Properties and Applications of Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA). Polymer Reviews. 2015 Oct 2;55(4):678-705.
13. Shimodaira K, Yoshida H, Mizukami M, Funakubo T. Obturator prosthesis conforming to movement of the soft palate: A clinical report. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 1994 Jun;71(6):547-51.
14. Aladağ Lİ̇. Sonradan kazanılmış bir maksiller defektin protetik obturasyonu. Atatürk Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Di̇ş Heki̇mli̇ği̇ Fakültesi̇ Dergi̇si̇ . 2011;(4):122-127.
15. High performance thermoplastic resins and their composites. Ottowa Canada:Sylvie Beland;1990.
16. Kurtz SM, Devine JN. PEEK biomaterials in trauma, orthopedic, and spinal implants. Biomaterials. 2007 Nov;28(32):4845-69.
17. Jones D, Leach D, Moore D. Mechanical properties of poly(ether-ether-ketone) for engineering applications. Polymer. 1985 Aug;26(9):1385-93.
18. Qin L, Yao S, Zhao J, Zhou C, Oates TW, Weir MD, et al. Review on Development and Dental Applications of Polyetheretherketone-Based Biomaterials and Restorations. Materials. 2021 Jan 15;14(2):408.
19. Skirbutis, G, Dzingutė, A, Masiliūnaitė, V, Šulcaitė, G, Žilinskas, J. A review of PEEK polymer’s properties and its use in prosthodontics. Stomatologija 2017;19:19-23
20. Nieminen T, Kallela I, Wuolijoki E, Kainulainen H, Hiidenheimo I, Rantala I. Amorphous and crystalline polyetheretherketone: Mechanical properties and tissue reactions during a 3‐year follow‐up. J Biomedical Materials Res. 2008 Feb;84A(2):377-83.
21. Rahmitasari F, Ishida Y, Kurahashi K, Matsuda T, Watanabe M, Ichikawa T. PEEK with Reinforced Materials and Modifications for Dental Implant Applications. Dentistry Journal. 2017 Dec 15;5(4):35.
22. Hearle, Ws J, E. High-performance fibres. England Cambridge: 2001
23. Najeeb S, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z, Siddiqui F. Applications of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in oral implantology and prosthodontics. Journal of Prosthodontic Research. 2016 Jan;60(1):12-9.
24. Çulhaoğlu Ak, Özkır Se, Türkkal F. Polieter Eter Keton (Peek) Ve Dental Kullanımı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019 29(4), 711-718.
25. Ma R, Tang T. Current Strategies to Improve the Bioactivity of PEEK. IJMS. 2014 Mar 28;15(4):5426-45.
26. Lethaus B, Safi Y, ter Laak-Poort M, Kloss-Brandstätter A, Banki F, Robbenmenke C, et al. Cranioplasty with Customized Titanium and PEEK Implants in a Mechanical Stress Model. Journal of Neurotrauma. 2012 Apr 10;29(6):1077-83.
27. Godara A, Raabe D, Green S. The influence of sterilization processes on the micromechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK composites for bone implant applications. Acta Biomaterialia. 2007 Mar;3(2):209-20.
28. Khonsari RH, Berthier P, Rouillon T, Perrin J, Corre P. Severe infectious complications after PEEK-derived implant placement: Report of three cases. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology. 2014 Oct;26(4):477-82
29. Gorth DJ, Puckett S, Ercan B, Webster TJ, Rahaman M, Bal BS. Decreased bacteria activity on Si3N4 surfaces compared with PEEK or titanium. International journal of nanomedicine. 2012:4829-40.
30. Barton , J. A, Sagers , D. R, Pi̇tt &, WG. Bacterial adhesion to orthopedic implant polymers.. Journal Of Bi̇omedi̇cal Materi̇als Research: An Offi̇ci̇al Of The Soci̇ety For Bi̇omateri̇als And The Japanese Soci̇ety For Bi̇omateri̇als, . 1996;30(3):403-410.
31.Noiset O, Schneider YJ, Marchand–Brynaert J. Surface modification of poly (aryl ether ether ketone)(PEEK) film by covalent coupling of amines and amino acids through a spacer arm. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 1997;35(17):3779-90.
32. Stawarczyk B, Beuer F, Wimmer T, Jahn D, Sener B, Roos M, vd. Polyetheretherketone a suitable material for fixed dental prostheses? J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2013;101(7):1209–1216.
33. Schmidlin PR, Stawarczyk B, Wieland M, Attin T, Hämmerle CHF, Fischer J. Effect of different surface pre-treatments and luting materials on shear bond strength to PEEK. Dent Mater. 2010;26(6):553-9.
34. Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Matinlinna JP, Siddiqui F, Nassani MZ, Baroudi K. Nanomodified Peek Dental Implants: Bioactive Composites and Surface Modification—A Review. International Journal of Dentistry. 2015;2015:1-7.
35. Katzer A, Marquardt H, Westendorf J, Wening J, von Foerster G. Polyetheretherketone—cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in vitro. Biomaterials. 2002 Apr;23(8):1749-59.
36. Rivard CH, Rhalmi S, Coillard C. In vivo biocompatibility testing of PEEK polymer for a spinal implant system: a study in rabbits. J Biomed Mater Res 2002;62:488-98.
37. Scolozzi P, Martinez A, Jaques B. Complex orbito-fronto-temporal reconstruction using computer-designed PEEK implant. J Craniofac Surg. 2007;18:224–228.
38. Kim MM, Boahene KD, Byrne PJ. Use of customized polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants in the reconstruction of complex maxillofacial defects. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2009;11:53–57.
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Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Prosthodontics
Journal Section	Prosthodontics and Maxillofacial Prosthetics
Authors	Merve Nur Koroglu 0009-0008-6064-4007 Samet Tekin 0000-0001-8883-8307
Publication Date	June 30, 2025
Submission Date	February 5, 2024
Acceptance Date	May 18, 2025
Published in Issue	Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

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Vancouver	Koroglu MN, Tekin S. Maksillofasiyal Defektlerin Rekonstrüksiyonunda PEEK Materyalinin Yeri: Bir Literatür Derlemesi. Dent & Med J - R. 2025;7(2):54-70.

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"The truest guide for everything in the world, for civilization, for life, for success, is science. Seeking a guide outside of science and science is heedlessness, ignorance, and deviating from the right path. It is only necessary to understand the development of science and science in every minute we live and to follow the progress in time. To attempt to apply the rules of science and science a thousand, two thousand, and thousands of years ago, today, after so many thousand years, is, of course, not to be in science and science."

M. Kemal ATATÜRK