"نقد فمينيستي رمان "توپچنار" از "انسیه شاهحسینی" و رمان "و ديگران" از "محبوبه ميرقديري

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 18, 35 - 43, 30.06.2023

Marjan Aliakbarzadeh

https://doi.org/10.5152/AJIS.2023.220819

Abstract

امروزه بسياري از آثار ادبي را ميتوان از منظرنقد فمينيستي تحليل نمود. مسالۀ اصلي پژوهش حاضرنقد فمينيستي دو رمان معاصر ازدو نويسندۀ زن با ادبياتي زنانه
يكي »توپچنار« از انسیه شاهحسینی و نيز »و ديگران« اثر محبوبه ميرقديري است. اهميت موضوع پيش روي بهجهت نياز جامعۀ حاضر بهويژه زنان به آگاهسازي
درخصوص احقاق حقوق آنان و نيزارزشمندي دو رمان مذكور يكي در حوزۀ ادبيات روستايي وديگري در زمرۀ ادبيات شهري است. مهمترين پرسش پيش روي؛ جايگاه
زنان در دو جامعۀ روستايي و شهري در دو رمان مذكور و رويكرد زنان براي دست‌يابي به حقوق خود چگونه است؟ فرضيۀ تحقيق، وجود مردساالري و تضييع حقوق
زنان در هردو رمان و پذيرفتن آن از سوي زنان است. برخي از مهمترين برآيندهاي اين پژوهش كه به شيوۀ توصيفي- تحليلي با مقايسۀ دو رمان مذكور فراهم آمده
عبارتند از؛ مواردي از تضييع حقوق زنان در رمان روستايي »توپچنار«: عدم موافقت با ادامه تحصيل دختران، نارضايتي بر اثر زادهشدن فرزند دختر و كودك‌همسري
اما شخصيت اول قهرماني است كه فعاالنه با وجودفقر به حل معضالت فردي و اجتماعي ميپردازد.در رمان شهري »وديگران« درحالي‌كه فقر مادي دامنگير نيست،
همچنان ناديده انگاشتن زنان از سوي جامعه و نيز خودآنان وجوددارد؛ بيهويتي،درحاشيه بودن، تابع مردبودن، حس شرم وگناه به خاطربلوغ، حس پوچي به خاطر
عدم فرزندآوري. در اين رمان بر خالف قبلي، حضور زنان منفعل به چشم ميخورد، بهويژه شخصيت اصلي كه گويي مردساالري را به جان پذيرفته است.

Keywords

فمينيسم،, رمان توپچنار, ن، ادبيات زنانه

Feminist criticism of the novel "Topchenar" by Ansieh Shahhosseini and the novel "And Others" by Mahbobeh Mirqadiri

Abstract

Today, many literary works can be analyzed from the perspective of feminist criticism. The main issue of the
current research is the feminist criticism of two contemporary novels by two women writers with female literature, one is "Topchanar" by Ansieh Shah Hosseini1
and "And Others" by Mahbouba Mirqadiri2
. The importance
of the topic is the need of the current society, especially women, to be informed about the realization of their
rights, as well as the value of the two mentioned novels, one in the field of rural literature and the other in the
field of urban literature. The most important question ahead; What is the position of women in both rural and
urban societies in the two mentioned novels and what is the approach of women to achieve their rights? The
research hypothesis is the existence of patriarchy and the violation of women's rights in both novels and its
acceptance by women. Some of the most important results of this research, which were provided in a descriptive-analytical way by comparing the two mentioned novels, are; Cases of the loss of women's rights in the rural novel "Topchanar": Disagreement with the continuation of girls' education, dissatisfaction with the birth of
a daughter and marrying a child as a wife, but the first character is a hero who, despite poverty, actively It deals
with personal and social problems. In the urban novel "And Others", while there is not much material poverty,
there is still the neglect of women by the society and by themselves; Anonymity, not being important, being
subservient to men, feeling shame and guilt due to puberty, sense of emptiness due to not having children. In
this novel, unlike the previous one, the presence of passive women can be seen, especially the main character
who seems to have accepted patriarchy.

Keywords

feminism, feminist criticism, Topchenar, And others, women