Justice: Whether a Natural or Artificial Virtue? Deleuzian Implications of Hume’s Philosophy of Justice

Year 2017, Issue: 12, 39 - 48, 01.12.2017

Sibel Kibar

Abstract

In this paper, the nature of justice in accordance with Hume’s and Deleuze’s approaches is examined. In the history of philosophy, the bases of justice are quested; some claim that it has divine origins, some claim that justice requires some universal obligations whereas others claim that it is merely an outcome of social contracts. Hume from the perspective of Deleuze tries to dissolve these dualities or binary oppositions belong to the nature of justice by simply acknowledging both the natural and artificial characteristic of justice. Hume binds these dualities ascribed to justice through the concept of “sympathy”. Hume presented us justice as an empirical issue, which fascinates Deleuze who repeats Hume’s view: “justice is an artificial virtue”. But Deleuze emphasizes that, what is artificial is not hierarchically below than what is natural. Thus, they both disallow divine grounds and universality of justice

Keywords

Justice, Hume, Deleuze, sympaty, practice, morality

Adalet Doğal mı Yoksa Yapay mı Bir Erdemdir? Hume’un Adalet Üzerine Felsefesinden Deleuzeyen Çıkarımlar

Abstract

Bu makalede, Hume’un ve Deleuze’ün yaklaşımlarıyla adaletin doğası incelenmiştir. Felsefe tarihinde, adaletin temelleri sorgulana gelmiştir: Kimi düşünürler ilahi temelleri olduğunu iddia etmiş, kimileri evrensel yükümlülükler gerektirdiğini söylemiş, kimileri de adaleti toplumsal sözleşmelerin bir ürünü olarak ele almıştır. Deleuze’ün bakış açısından Hume adaletin doğasına ilişkin bu ikilikleri ve çifte karşıtlıkları, adaletin hem doğal hem de yapay karakterini kabul ederek çözümlemeye çalışır. Hume adalete atfedilen bu ikilikleri “sempati” kavramıyla bir araya getirir. Hume’un adaleti ampirik bir konu olarak sunması Deleuze’ü cezbeder ve Hume’un görüşünü yineler: “Adalet yapay bir erdemdir”. Ancak Deleuze’ün de vurguladığı gibi yapay olan doğal olandan hiyerarşik olarak aşağıda değildir. Böylelikle, adalet konusunda ilahi temellere ve adaletin evrenselliğine felsefelerinde geçit verilmemiş olur

Keywords

Adalet, Hume, Deleuze, sempati, kılgı, ahlak

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