HABİTAT UYGUNLUĞUNUN CBS TABANLI ÇOK KRİTERLİ YÖNTEMLERLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Yaban hayatı yönetiminde habitat uygunluğu çalışmaları türlerin ve onların yaşam alanlarının korunması, geliştirilmesi ve kullanımı için önemli altlıklar sağlamaktadır. Habitat uygunluk indeksi yaban hayvanlarına sağlanan habitatının kalitesini ve potansiyel mekânsal dağılımını anlamak içinde yararlı bir araçtır. Habitat seçimi ve habitat kalitesi kavramlarında habitata ait çevresel koşulların tür bireylerinin ve popülasyonlarının devamlılığını sağlamaya yönelik uyum yeteneği olarak değerlendirilmesi şeklinde temel yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Habitat kalitesinin, tek bir yaban hayvan türüne göre kavramsallaştırılması çoklu türe göre en kolay olanıdır. CBS habitat uygunluk analizi modellerinde ihtiyaç duyulan coğrafi referanslı ekolojik verilerin üretilmesi, modellerin çalıştırılması ve analiz sonuçlarının sunulması için merkezi bir araç olarak kullanılmaktadır. CBS’nin habitat uygunluğu çalışmalarında kullanılmasının avantajları, habitat faktörlerini farklı ölçeklerde dikkate alma, çeşitli türler için habitat uygunluk değerlendirmelerini birleştirme ve farklı türleri farklı şekillerde ağırlıklandırma ve ampirik modeller ile uzman bilgisini entegre etme olanaklarıyla bağlantılıdır. Bu çalışmada habitat uygunluğunun CBS tabanlı çok kriterli yöntemlerle değerlendirilmesinde öne çıkan gereksinimler ve kullanılan bazı yöntemlerin tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır. Son olarak CBS ile entegre edilmiş çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerin özellikle çoklu türlerin habitat uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesinde nasıl kullanılabileceği üzerine temel yaklaşımlarda bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Habitat Uygunluğu
• CBS
• Çok Kriterli Analizler

Assessment of Habitat Suitability Using GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Methods

Öz

Habitat suitability studies in wildlife management provide important bases for the conservation, development and use of species and their habitats. The habitat suitability index is a useful tool for understanding the quality and potential spatial distribution of habitat provided to wild animals. There are basic approaches to the concepts of habitat selection and habitat quality, such as evaluating the environmental conditions of the habitat as adaptability to ensure the continuity of species individuals and populations. Habitat quality is easiest to conceptualize in terms of a single wildlife species rather than multiple species. GIS is used as a central tool to produce geo-referenced ecological data needed in habitat suitability analysis models, running the models, and presenting the analysis results. The advantages of using GIS in habitat suitability studies are linked to the possibilities of considering habitat factors at different scales, combining habitat suitability assessments for various species and weighting different species in different ways, and integrating expert knowledge with empirical models. In this study, it is aimed to introduce the prominent requirements and some methods used in the evaluation of habitat suitability with GIS-based multi-criteria methods. Finally, basic approaches have been made on how multi-criteria decision-making methods integrated with GIS can be used, especially in evaluating the habitat suitability of multiple species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Habitat Suitability
• GIS
• Multi-Criteria Analysis

Kaynakça

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