DETECTING XYLENE LEVEL IN WATER BY USING QCM SENSOR COATED WITH PHTHALOCYANINE

Abstract

In this study, a system design was developed to detect the xylene which is the one of the harmful chemicals for water resources. In the system, phthalocyanine coated quartz crystal microbalance (Quartz Crystal Microbalance - QCM) was used as chemical sensor. For sensor preparation an automatic coating instrument is employed which is based on airbrush technique. By using the designed measuring system, changes in the oscillation frequency of the QCM sensor were observed by the microcontroller based control unit and it was determined whether the sample includes xylene or not. According to the results obtained, it has been observed that the response of the sensor and the system is a linear response in the measured range. Moreover, the measurement data was transferred to the internet via Wi-Fi connection and the data changes can be observed online with the developed Android application.

Keywords

• QCM sensor,xylene,Wi-Fi

SUDAKİ KSİLEN SEVİYESİNİN FTALOSİYANİN KAPLI QCM SENSÖR İLE TESPİT EDİLMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada su kaynakları için zararlı kimyasallardan biri olan ksileni tespit etmeye yarayan bir sistem tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sistemde, Ftalosiyanin ile kaplı kuvars kristal mikrobalans (Quartz Crystal Microbalance - QCM) kimyasal sensör olarak kullanılmıştır. Sensörü hazırlamak için airbrush tekniğine dayanan otomatik bir kaplama düzeneğinden yararlanılmıştır. Tasarlanan ölçüm sistemi sayesinde QCM sensörün salınım frekansındaki değişimler mikrodenetleyicili kontrol ünitesi tarafından gözlemlenmiş ve değişimlere göre numune suda ksilen olup olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, sensörün ve sistemin tepkisinin ölçüm yapılan aralıkta lineer bir tepki olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda ölçüm verileri Wi-Fi bağlantısı ile internet ortamına aktarılmış, geliştirilen Android uygulaması sayesinde veri değişimleri çevrimiçi olarak gözlemlenebilmiştir.

Keywords

• QCM sensör,ksilen,Wi-Fi

References

1. [1] Kandyala R, Raghavendra SPC, Rajasekharan ST. (2010) Xylene: An overview of its health hazards and preventive measures. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology : JOMFP.;14(1):1-5.
2. [2] Saraoğlu H. M., Selvi A. O., Ebeoğlu M. A., Taşaltın C., Electronic Nose System Based on Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor for Blood Glucose and HbA1c Levels From Exhaled Breath Odor, IEEE Sensors Journal, 13(11), 4229 – 4235.
3. [3] Ferrari M., Ferrari V., Marioli D., Taroni A., Suman M., and Dalcanale E., (2006), In-liquid sensing of chemical compounds by QCM sensors coupled with high-accuracy ACC oscillator, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 55, 828-834.
4. [4] Harbeck M., Erbahar D. D., Gürol I., Musluoğlu E., Ahsen V., and Öztürk Z. Z., (2010), Phthalocyanines as sensitive coatings for QCM sensors operating in liquids for the detection of organic compounds, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 150, 346-354.
5. [5] Harbeck M., Erbahar D. D., Gürol I., Musluoğlu E., Ahsen V., and Öztürk Z. Z., (2011), Phthalocyanines as sensitive coatings for QCM sensors: Comparison of gas and liquid sensing properties, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 155, 298-303.
6. [6] Erbahar D. D., Gürol I., Musluoğlu E., Ahsen V., and Öztürk Z. Z., (2012), Pesticide sensing in water with phthalocyanine based QCM sensors, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 173, 562-568.
7. [7] Sharma P., Ghosh A., Tudu B., Sabhapondit S., Baruah B. D., Tamuly P., (2015), Monitoring the fermentation process of black tea using QCM sensor based electronic nose, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 219, 146-157.
8. [8] Ayad M. M. and Torad N. L., (2009), Alcohol vapours sensor based on thin polyaniline salt film and quartz crystal microbalance, Talanta, 78, 1280-1285.

9. [9] Ozmen A. and Dogan E., (2009), Design of a Portable E-Nose Instrument for Gas Classifications, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 58, 3609-3618.
10. [10] Rabe J., Buttgenbach S., Schroder J., and Hauptmann P., (2003), Monolithic miniaturized quartz microbalance array and its application to chemical sensor systems for liquids, IEEE Sensors Journal, 3, 361-368.
11. [11] Nimsuk N. and Nakamoto T., (2007), Improvement of capability for classifying odors in dynamically changing concentration using QCM sensor array and short-time Fourier transform, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 127, 491-496.
12. [12] Speller N. C., Siraj N., Vaughan S., Speller L. N., and Warner I. M., (2017), QCM virtual multisensor array for fuel discrimination and detection of gasoline adulteration, Fuel, 199, 38-46.
13. [13] Speller N. C., Siraj N., McCarter K. S., Vaughan S., and Warner I. M., (2017), QCM virtual sensor array: Vapor identification and molecular weight approximation, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 246, 952-960.
14. [14] Xu X., Cang H., Li C., Zhao Z. K., and Li H., (2009), Quartz crystal microbalance sensor array for the detection of volatile organic compounds, Talanta, 78, 711-716.
15. [15] Eichelbaum F., Borngräber R., Schröder J., Lucklum R. and Hauptmann P., (1999), Interface circuits for quartz-crystal-microbalance sensors, Review of Scientific Instruments 70:5, 2537-2545.
16. [16] Aydemir, F., Ebeoğlu, M. A., (2018), A QCM sensor array based electronic tongue with the optimized oscillator circuit using FPGA, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, 67(2).
17. [17] Sauerbrey G., (1964), Mitteilung aus dem, Phys. Inst., Austral. Edu. Union,Tech. Univ. Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Tech. Rep. 18, 617.
18. [18] Kanazawa K. K. and Gordon J. G., (1985), Frequency of a quartz microbalance in contact with liquid, Anal. Chem., 57(8), 1770–1771.
19. [19] Nimsuk N. and Nakamoto T., (2007), Improvement of capability for classifying odors in dynamically changing concentration using QCM sensor array and short-time Fourier transform, Sens. Actuators B, Chem., 127(2), 491–496.
20. [20] Aydemir, F., Ebeoğlu, M. A., (2017), Development of an Airbrush Spray-Coating Instrument for QCM, ICAS’17, 260-262.