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TOOLS USED IN THE ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL DUTIES AND A SAMPLE APPLICATION

Year 2010, Issue: 022, 41 - 56, 15.08.2010

Abstract

Although rapid technological developments and
increasing mechanisation in the workplace seem to ease the workload on human
body, as a result of occupational duties, musculoskeletal disorders have still
persisted in the industrially developed and developing countries among the most
pervasive diseases. This leads to economical losses which affect not only
individuals but also the organizations and the society as a whole. Therefore,
it is crucial that risk analysis of such duties be done and the factors leading
to physical loads on human be determined before such ailments occur. In this
study, the most widely used ergonomic risk assessment tools were grouped and
compared in terms of their pros and cons. Besides, a sample analysis was
carried out on the employees in the loading department of a company and the
results were evaluated.



 

References

  • [1] OSHA, “Ergonomics: The Study of Work”, Occupational Safety and Health Administration 3125, 1-14, (2000)
  • [2] Shoaf, C. ve ark., “An Adaptive Control Model for Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Hazards and Risks”, Theor. Issues In Ergon. Sci., Vol. 1: 34-61, (2000)
  • [3] Kumar, R., “Ergonomic Evaluation and Design of Tools in Cleaning Occupation”, Doctoral Thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Department of Human Work Sciences, Division of Industrial Design, Sweden, ISSN: 1402-1544, (2006)
  • [4] Li, G. ve Buckle, P., “Evaluating Change in Exposure to Risk for Musculoskeletal Disorders -A Practical Tool”, Robens Centre for Health Ergonomics, University of Survey, (1999)
  • [5] Ma, L. ve ark., “A New Simple Dynamic Muscle Fatigue Model and Its Validation”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39: 211–220, (2009)
  • [6] David, G. ve ark., “The Development of The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) for Assessing Exposure to Risk Factors For Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders”, Applied Ergonomics, 39: 57–69, (2008)
  • [7] Zurada, J. ve ark., “A Neural Network-Based System for Classification of Industrial Jobs with Respect to Risk of Low Back Disorders Due to Workplace Design”, Applied Ergonomics , Vol 28: 49-58, (1997)
  • [8] Sullivan, L.W. ve Gallwey T.J., “Effects of Gender and Reach Distance on Risks of Musculoskeletal Injuries in an Assembly Task”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 29: 61–71, (2002)
  • [9] OHCOW, “Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders”, Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers Inc. Report, 1-7, (2005)
  • [10] Habibi, E. ve ark., 2008, “Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Associated Lost Work Days in Steel Making Industry”, Iranian J. Publ. Health, Vol. 37: 83-91, (2008)
  • [11] Fang, H.L. ve ark., “An Ergonomıc Approach to an Investigation into The Risk Factors Leading to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders for Taiwanese Hairdressers”, IASDR 2007, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, (2007)
  • [12] McCauley-Bell, P.R. ve ark., “Measurement of Cumulative Trauma Disorder Risk in Clerical Tasks Using Fuzzy Linear Regression”, EEE Transactıons On Systems, Man, And Cybernetıcs—Part C: Applıcatıons And Revıews, Vol. 29: 1-14, (1999)
  • [13] Sestos, M., “Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders in Agriculture for Partners in Agricultural Health”, Agricultural Health Project Module VIII, 1-39, (2008)
  • [14] Marras, W.S. ve ark., “National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Future Directions in Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorder Health Research”, Applied Ergonomics, 40: 15–22, (2009)
  • [15] Luttmann, A. ve ark., “Evaluation of Muscular Strain and Fatigue in Occupational Field Studies Using Long Term EMg Records”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 4, 209-212, (2000)
  • [16] Jones, T. ve Kumar S., “Comparison of Ergonomic Risk Assessments in a Repetitive High-Risk sawmill Occupation: Saw-filer”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37: 744–753, (2007)
  • [17] Village, J. ve ark., “An Analysis of Physical Work of Care Aides”, Reducing Injuries in Intermediate Care: The Ergonomic Report, 5-40, (2008)
  • [18] David, C.G., 2005, “Ergonomic Methods for Assessing Exposure to Risk Factors for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders”, Occupational Medicine, 55: 190-199, (2005)
  • [19] Kuorinka, I. ve ark., “Standardized Nordic Questionnaires for The Analysis of Musculoskeletal Sysmptoms”, Applied Ergonomics, 18: 233-237, (1987)
  • [20] Hildebrandt, V.H. ve ark., “Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: Description and Basis Qualities”, Ergonomics, 44: 1038-1055, (2001)
  • [21] İnternet: Cornell University, “Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires”, http://ergo.human.cornell.edu, (1999)
  • [22] Corlett E.N. ve Bishop R.P., “A Technique for Assessing Postural Discomfort”, Ergonomics, 19: 175-182, (1976)
  • [23] Borg, G., “Perceived Exertion as an Indicator of Somatic Stres”, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, and Health, 16: 55–58, (1970)
  • [24] Ahsberg, E. ve ark., “Perceived Quality of Fatigue During Different Occupational Tasks: Development of a Questionnaire”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomiics, 20: 121-135, (1997)
  • [25] OHSCO, “MSD Prevention Toolbox”, OHSCO’s Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevention Series, Part 3A, 1-56, (2007)
  • [26] Callaghan, J.P. ve ark., “The Design and Preliminary Validation of 3D-Match- A Posture Matching Tool for Estimating Three-Dimensional Cumulative Loading on The Low Back” 34th Annual Conference of Association of Canadian Ergonomists, London, Ontario, (2003)
  • [27] Frings-Dresen, H.W., Kuijer, P.P.F.M., “The TRAC-System: An Observation Method for Analysing Work Demands at the Workplace”, Safety Science 21: 163-165, (1995)
  • [28] Mollard, R. ve ark., “Researches and Developments on Postures and Movements Using CAD Techniques and ERGODATA”, Computer Applications in Ergonomics, Occupational Safety and Health Elsevier, Amsterdam, 337–343, (1992)
  • [29] Chafflin, D., “A Computerized Biomechanical Model: Development and Use in a Studying Gross Body Actions”, J. Biomech 2: 429-441, (1969)
  • [30] Badler, N.I. ve ark., “Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics Animation and Control”, Oxford University Press, USA, (1993)
  • [31] Porter, J.M. ve ark., “Computer Aided Ergonomics and Workspace Design”, Taylor and Francis, London, 574–620, (1995)
  • [32] Village, J. ve ark., “Development and Evaluation of an Observational Back-Exposure Sampling Tool (Back-EST) for Work-Related Back Injury Risk Factors”, Applied Ergonomics, 40: 538-544, (2008)
  • [33] Pinzke, S. ve Kopp, L., “Marker-Less Systems for Tracking Working Postures-Results from Two Experiments”, Applied Ergonomics, 32: 461–471, (2001)
  • [34] Marras, S., Karwowski, W., “Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics”, CRC Pres, 1024 pages, Boca Raton, USA, (2006)
  • [35] Burdorf A, van der Beek A., “Exposure Assessment Strategies for Work-Related Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders”, Scand J Work Environ Health 25-4: 25-30, (1999)
  • [36] Heinsalmi, P., “The Ergonomics of Working Postures”, International Occupational Ergonomics Symposium, 100-105, (1986)
  • [37] Li, K.W., Lee, C.L., “Postural Analysis of Four Jobs on Two Building Construction Sites: An Experience of Using The OWAS Method İn Taiwan”, Journal of Occupational Health, 183–190, (1999)
  • [38] Keyserling, W.M., “OWAS: An Observational Approach to Posture Analysis”, Industrial and Operations Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, (2004)
  • [39] McAtamney, L. and Hignett, S., “REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) - More than a Postural Analysis Tool”, In Robertson S (Ed) Contemporary Ergonomics, Taylor & Francis, London, 431-435, (1997)
  • [40] Karhu O., Kansi P., Kuorinka I., “Correcting Working Postures in Industry: A Practical Method for Analysis”, Applied Ergonomics 8: 199-201, (1997)
  • [41] Ismail, A.R. ve ark., “Assessment of Postural Loading Among The Assembly Operators: A Case Study at Malaysian Automotive Industry”, European Journal of Scientific Research, 224-235, (2009)
  • [42] Akay, D. ve ark., “Çalışma Duruşlarının Ergonomik Analizi”, Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der., Cilt 18, No 3: 73-84, (2003)
  • [43] Helander, M., 2005, “A Guide to Human Factors and Ergonomics”, 2nd ed., CRC pres, 414 pages, Boca Raton, USA, (2005)
  • [44] Saraji, J.N. ve ark., “Evaluatıon Of Musculoskeletal Dısorders Risk Factors Among The Crew Of The Iranian Ports And Shipping Organization’s Vessels”, Acta Medica Iranica, 42(5): 350-354, (2004)

MESLEKİ GÖREVLERİN ERGONOMİK ANALİZİNDE KULLANILAN ARAÇLAR VE BİR UYGULAMA ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2010, Issue: 022, 41 - 56, 15.08.2010

Abstract

İş yerlerinde, hızlı teknolojik ilerlemeler ve
artan mekanizasyon insan vücudu üzerindeki yükleri azaltıyor gibi görünmesine
rağmen, sanayi bakımından gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kas iskelet
sistemi rahatsızlıkları, mesleki görevlerin bir sonucu olarak, en önemli
rahatsızlıklarından biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu da ekonomik kayıpları
beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu kayıplar sadece bireyleri değil, bir bütün olarak
örgütleri ve toplumları da etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, bu tür rahatsızlıkların
ortaya çıkmadan önce, görevlerin risk analizlerinin yapılması, insan üzerinde
fiziksel yüklenmeye neden olan faktörlerin tespiti büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu
çalışmada, en çok kullanılan ergonomik risk değerlendirme araçları
gruplandırılmış, üstün ve zayıf yönleriyle bir karşılaştırması yapılmıştır.
Ayrıca, bir işletmenin yükleme bölümündeki çalışanları üzerinde örnek bir
analiz yapılmış ve sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. 

References

  • [1] OSHA, “Ergonomics: The Study of Work”, Occupational Safety and Health Administration 3125, 1-14, (2000)
  • [2] Shoaf, C. ve ark., “An Adaptive Control Model for Assessment of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Hazards and Risks”, Theor. Issues In Ergon. Sci., Vol. 1: 34-61, (2000)
  • [3] Kumar, R., “Ergonomic Evaluation and Design of Tools in Cleaning Occupation”, Doctoral Thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Department of Human Work Sciences, Division of Industrial Design, Sweden, ISSN: 1402-1544, (2006)
  • [4] Li, G. ve Buckle, P., “Evaluating Change in Exposure to Risk for Musculoskeletal Disorders -A Practical Tool”, Robens Centre for Health Ergonomics, University of Survey, (1999)
  • [5] Ma, L. ve ark., “A New Simple Dynamic Muscle Fatigue Model and Its Validation”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39: 211–220, (2009)
  • [6] David, G. ve ark., “The Development of The Quick Exposure Check (QEC) for Assessing Exposure to Risk Factors For Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders”, Applied Ergonomics, 39: 57–69, (2008)
  • [7] Zurada, J. ve ark., “A Neural Network-Based System for Classification of Industrial Jobs with Respect to Risk of Low Back Disorders Due to Workplace Design”, Applied Ergonomics , Vol 28: 49-58, (1997)
  • [8] Sullivan, L.W. ve Gallwey T.J., “Effects of Gender and Reach Distance on Risks of Musculoskeletal Injuries in an Assembly Task”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 29: 61–71, (2002)
  • [9] OHCOW, “Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders”, Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers Inc. Report, 1-7, (2005)
  • [10] Habibi, E. ve ark., 2008, “Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Associated Lost Work Days in Steel Making Industry”, Iranian J. Publ. Health, Vol. 37: 83-91, (2008)
  • [11] Fang, H.L. ve ark., “An Ergonomıc Approach to an Investigation into The Risk Factors Leading to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders for Taiwanese Hairdressers”, IASDR 2007, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, (2007)
  • [12] McCauley-Bell, P.R. ve ark., “Measurement of Cumulative Trauma Disorder Risk in Clerical Tasks Using Fuzzy Linear Regression”, EEE Transactıons On Systems, Man, And Cybernetıcs—Part C: Applıcatıons And Revıews, Vol. 29: 1-14, (1999)
  • [13] Sestos, M., “Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders in Agriculture for Partners in Agricultural Health”, Agricultural Health Project Module VIII, 1-39, (2008)
  • [14] Marras, W.S. ve ark., “National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Future Directions in Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorder Health Research”, Applied Ergonomics, 40: 15–22, (2009)
  • [15] Luttmann, A. ve ark., “Evaluation of Muscular Strain and Fatigue in Occupational Field Studies Using Long Term EMg Records”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 4, 209-212, (2000)
  • [16] Jones, T. ve Kumar S., “Comparison of Ergonomic Risk Assessments in a Repetitive High-Risk sawmill Occupation: Saw-filer”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 37: 744–753, (2007)
  • [17] Village, J. ve ark., “An Analysis of Physical Work of Care Aides”, Reducing Injuries in Intermediate Care: The Ergonomic Report, 5-40, (2008)
  • [18] David, C.G., 2005, “Ergonomic Methods for Assessing Exposure to Risk Factors for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders”, Occupational Medicine, 55: 190-199, (2005)
  • [19] Kuorinka, I. ve ark., “Standardized Nordic Questionnaires for The Analysis of Musculoskeletal Sysmptoms”, Applied Ergonomics, 18: 233-237, (1987)
  • [20] Hildebrandt, V.H. ve ark., “Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: Description and Basis Qualities”, Ergonomics, 44: 1038-1055, (2001)
  • [21] İnternet: Cornell University, “Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaires”, http://ergo.human.cornell.edu, (1999)
  • [22] Corlett E.N. ve Bishop R.P., “A Technique for Assessing Postural Discomfort”, Ergonomics, 19: 175-182, (1976)
  • [23] Borg, G., “Perceived Exertion as an Indicator of Somatic Stres”, Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, and Health, 16: 55–58, (1970)
  • [24] Ahsberg, E. ve ark., “Perceived Quality of Fatigue During Different Occupational Tasks: Development of a Questionnaire”, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomiics, 20: 121-135, (1997)
  • [25] OHSCO, “MSD Prevention Toolbox”, OHSCO’s Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevention Series, Part 3A, 1-56, (2007)
  • [26] Callaghan, J.P. ve ark., “The Design and Preliminary Validation of 3D-Match- A Posture Matching Tool for Estimating Three-Dimensional Cumulative Loading on The Low Back” 34th Annual Conference of Association of Canadian Ergonomists, London, Ontario, (2003)
  • [27] Frings-Dresen, H.W., Kuijer, P.P.F.M., “The TRAC-System: An Observation Method for Analysing Work Demands at the Workplace”, Safety Science 21: 163-165, (1995)
  • [28] Mollard, R. ve ark., “Researches and Developments on Postures and Movements Using CAD Techniques and ERGODATA”, Computer Applications in Ergonomics, Occupational Safety and Health Elsevier, Amsterdam, 337–343, (1992)
  • [29] Chafflin, D., “A Computerized Biomechanical Model: Development and Use in a Studying Gross Body Actions”, J. Biomech 2: 429-441, (1969)
  • [30] Badler, N.I. ve ark., “Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics Animation and Control”, Oxford University Press, USA, (1993)
  • [31] Porter, J.M. ve ark., “Computer Aided Ergonomics and Workspace Design”, Taylor and Francis, London, 574–620, (1995)
  • [32] Village, J. ve ark., “Development and Evaluation of an Observational Back-Exposure Sampling Tool (Back-EST) for Work-Related Back Injury Risk Factors”, Applied Ergonomics, 40: 538-544, (2008)
  • [33] Pinzke, S. ve Kopp, L., “Marker-Less Systems for Tracking Working Postures-Results from Two Experiments”, Applied Ergonomics, 32: 461–471, (2001)
  • [34] Marras, S., Karwowski, W., “Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics”, CRC Pres, 1024 pages, Boca Raton, USA, (2006)
  • [35] Burdorf A, van der Beek A., “Exposure Assessment Strategies for Work-Related Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders”, Scand J Work Environ Health 25-4: 25-30, (1999)
  • [36] Heinsalmi, P., “The Ergonomics of Working Postures”, International Occupational Ergonomics Symposium, 100-105, (1986)
  • [37] Li, K.W., Lee, C.L., “Postural Analysis of Four Jobs on Two Building Construction Sites: An Experience of Using The OWAS Method İn Taiwan”, Journal of Occupational Health, 183–190, (1999)
  • [38] Keyserling, W.M., “OWAS: An Observational Approach to Posture Analysis”, Industrial and Operations Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, (2004)
  • [39] McAtamney, L. and Hignett, S., “REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) - More than a Postural Analysis Tool”, In Robertson S (Ed) Contemporary Ergonomics, Taylor & Francis, London, 431-435, (1997)
  • [40] Karhu O., Kansi P., Kuorinka I., “Correcting Working Postures in Industry: A Practical Method for Analysis”, Applied Ergonomics 8: 199-201, (1997)
  • [41] Ismail, A.R. ve ark., “Assessment of Postural Loading Among The Assembly Operators: A Case Study at Malaysian Automotive Industry”, European Journal of Scientific Research, 224-235, (2009)
  • [42] Akay, D. ve ark., “Çalışma Duruşlarının Ergonomik Analizi”, Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der., Cilt 18, No 3: 73-84, (2003)
  • [43] Helander, M., 2005, “A Guide to Human Factors and Ergonomics”, 2nd ed., CRC pres, 414 pages, Boca Raton, USA, (2005)
  • [44] Saraji, J.N. ve ark., “Evaluatıon Of Musculoskeletal Dısorders Risk Factors Among The Crew Of The Iranian Ports And Shipping Organization’s Vessels”, Acta Medica Iranica, 42(5): 350-354, (2004)
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emre Özel This is me

Oya Çetik

Publication Date August 15, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Issue: 022

Cite

APA Özel, E., & Çetik, O. (2010). MESLEKİ GÖREVLERİN ERGONOMİK ANALİZİNDE KULLANILAN ARAÇLAR VE BİR UYGULAMA ÖRNEĞİ. Journal of Science and Technology of Dumlupınar University(022), 41-56.

HAZİRAN 2020'den itibaren Journal of Scientific Reports-A adı altında ingilizce olarak yayın hayatına devam edecektir.