TÜRKİYE’DE İLLER ARASI BEŞERİ SERMAYE AKIMLARI VE KENTSEL DİNAMİKLER

Year 2019, Issue: 043, 1 - 20, 31.12.2019

Dilcu Gönül , Gülden Erkut

Abstract

Beşeri sermaye kentsel gelişmenin bir faktörü olarak yıllardır tartışılmaktadır. Düşünebilen, yaratabilen, hızlı evrimleşen durumlara gore düşünce yönünü değiştirebilen, yenilikler yapan ve yenilikçi çözümler üreten insanlar kentsel dinamizmin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Dünya literatüründe;beşeri sermayenin böyle önemli bir rol kazanmasının ardından, beşeri sermaye akımları ve mekansal gelişme arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya yönelik pekçok araştırma yapılmaktadır. Ancak Türk literatüründe bu tür çalışmalar; daha çok detaylı göç verisinin eksikliği nedeniyle, yetersiz kalmıştır. Bu çalışmada; açıklayıcı veri teknikleri ile, en çok göç çeken iller beşeri sermaye göç profillerine göre kümelendirilmiştir ve bu analizler neticesinde Türkiye için bazı ilginç sonuçlara da ulaşılmıştır. Örneğin; Istanbul kentsel dinamizm özelliklerin hemen hepsi için Türkiye’de dışadüşen olmasına rağmen, en değerli kentsel göç profilini kazanmak yönünde pek de şanslı olmadığı görülmektedir. Bunun yanısıra; Istanbul kadar revaçta olmayan göç çekim merkezlerinin; Kütahya, Erzurum ve Manisa gibi, eğitim, staj fırsatları, yaratılacak iş imkanları gibi politikalar ile bu kıymetli göç profilini kendine çekmek ve fayda yaratmak için fırsatlar olduğu görülmektedir. Bu sebeplerle beşeri sermaye ve onun mekan ile ilişkisi; planlama otoriteleri ve politika geliştiren çevreler için derinleme araştırılması gereken önemli bir konudur. Bu makale; bu önemli konuya ışık tutmak için yazılmıştır. Birinci bölümde; beşeri sermaye ve kentsel gelişme arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran literatüre sunulmaktadır. İkinci bölümde; beşeri sermaye göçünü açıklayıcı analizler sunulmaktadır. Üçüncü bölüm ise elde edilen kümeler ve yorumlarını içermektedir. Makale bu konunun ilerletilmesine yönelik bazı tespitler ile sonuçlandırılmaktadır.

Keywords

Beşeri sermaye akımları, Kentsel gelişme, Kentsel dinamizm

PROVINCIAL HUMAN CAPITAL FLOWS AND URBAN DYNAMISM IN TURKEY

Abstract

Human capital is being argued as an urban development factor for many years. People who can think, create, change way of thinking easily according to fast evolving new situations, make innovations and produce innovative solutions are the bases of urban dynamism. In the world literature, after human capital has gained such an important role, many researches have been conducted in order to understand relationship between human capital flows and spatial development. However, in Turkish literature, mainly due to lack of detailed migration data, this kind of studies are not in sufficient number. In this study, it is aimed to cluster the most popular urban migration destinations according to their human capital immigration profiles by using some exploratory techniques and there are some surprising conclusions reached by these analysis in Turkey, like, although Istanbul is the outlier for almost all of the urban dynamism characteristics for Turkey, she is not lucky enough for gaining the most valuable urban migration profile. Besides; it is seen that there are opportunities to gain and benefit from this valuable profile by developing some policies on training, internship opportunities, creation of jobs for the ones which are not as popular migration destinations as Istanbul, like Kutahya, Erzurum, and Manisa. Therefore, human capital and its relation with space are very important issues for planning authorities and policy makers to dig up. This paper is written to shed light on this crucial issue. In the first part; literature on analyzing the relation between human capital and urban development is presented. In the second part, exploratory analysis of human capital migration is introduced. Third part includes the reached clusters and their interpretations. Paper ends with some concluding remarks pointing issues on further research on this subject.

Keywords

Human capital flows, Urban development, Urban dynamism

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