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TÜRKİYE'DE RÜZGÂR HIZI VERİLERİNİN HOMOJENLEŞTİRİLMESİ VE EĞİLİMLERİ

Year 2021, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 185 - 233, 24.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2021.61.1.8

Abstract

Küresel iklim değişimi kapsamında iklim parametreleri değişmekte, rüzgâr da bu
parametreler içerisinde, özellikle Türkiye literatüründe az çalışılan konular arasında yer
almaktadır. Dünya'da orta enlem karaları üzerinde rüzgâr hızı (RH) azalmaları, yüksek
enlemlerde karalarıyla okyanus ve deniz yüzeylerinde RH artışları görülmektedir.
Türkiye'de ham verilerle yapılan çalışmalarda genel olarak RH azalmaları, Doğu
Karadeniz-Güneydoğu çevresinde ise RH artışları belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, verilerin
homojenlik testleri yapılmış, kırılma bulunan RH zaman serileri belli kurallara göre
düzeltilerek homojen hale getirilmiştir. Homojen verilerle Türkiye'deki RH rejimleri ile
eğilimler belirlenmiş, eğilimlerdeki benzerlik dönemleri göz önüne alınarak, RH eğilim
rejimleri ortaya koyulmuş, yıl içindeki rüzgâr genliklerindeki eğilimler incelenmiştir. Bu
analizlere göre, Türkiye'de tek zirveli, çift zirveli ve düzenli tip RH rejimleri bulunmaktadır.
Yıllık ortalama RH, Akdeniz Bölgesi ve Batı Karadeniz ile Marmara Bölgesi doğusunda
azalmaktadır. Kış mevsiminde Türkiye'nin batı yarısında, baharda İç Anadolu Bölgesi ve
çevresinde, yazın Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi, Adana Bölümü doğu yarısı, Kuzeydoğu
Anadolu ve güney Ege kıyılarında, güz mevsiminde ise Türkiye genelinde RH azalmaları
belirlenmiştir. Aylık RH eğilimlerine göre Türkiye'de, baharda azalan, baharda artan,
güzde artan, sıcak dönemde artan, soğuk dönemde artan, baharda-güzde artan ve
yılboyu azalan tip olmak üzere 7 farklı RH eğilim rejimi bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca Türkiye
genelinde, yıl içindeki RH genlikleri azalmaktadır.

References

  • Akova, İsmet. “Development Potential of Wind Energy in Turkey.” EchoGéo 16 (2011): 1–24.
  • Akyol, İbrahim Hakkı. “Türkiye’de Basınç, Rüzgârlar ve Yağış Rejimi.” Türk Coğrafya Dergisi 5–6 (1944): 1–34.
  • Alexandersson, Hans. “A Homogeneity Test Applied to Precipitation Data.” Journal of Climatology 6.6 (1986): 661–675.
  • Alpar, Reha. Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemlere Giriş 1. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2003.
  • Azorin-Molina, Cesar ve diğerleri. “Assessing the Impact of Measurement Time Interval When Calculating Wind Speed Means and Trends Under The Stilling Phenomenon.” International Journal of Climatology 37.1 (2017): 480–492.
  • Azorin-Molina, Cesar ve diğerleri. “Homogenization and Assessment of Observed Near-Surface Wind Speed Trends Over Spain and Portugal, 1961-2011.” Journal of Climate 27.10 (2014): 3692–3712.
  • Azorin-Molina, Cesar ve diğerleri. “Recent Trends in Wind Speed Across Saudi Arabia, 1978-2013: A Break in the stilling.” International Journal of Climatology 38 (2018): 966–984.
  • Buishand, T. Adri. “Some Methods for Testing the Homogeneity of Rainfall Records.” Journal of Hydrology 58 (1982): 11–27.
  • Çarpar, Tunay ve diğerleri. “Spatio-Seasonal Variations in Long-Term Trends of Offshore W ind S peeds O ver t he B lack Sea; An Inter-Comparison of Two Reanalysis Data.” Pure and Applied Geophysics 177.6 (2020): 3013–3037.
  • Dadaser-Çelik, Filiz ve Eda Cengiz. “Wind Speed Trends Over Turkey from 1975 to 2006.” International Journal of Climatology 34.6 (2014): 1913–1927.
  • Elibüyük, Mesut ve Erkan Yılmaz. “Türkiye’nin Coğrafi Bölge ve Bölümlerine Göre Yükselti Basamakları ve Eğim Grupları.” Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi 8.1 (2010): 27–55.
  • Enders, Craig K. Applied Missing Data Analysis. London: The Guilford Press, 2010.
  • Erinç, Sırrı. Tatbiki Klimatoloji ve Türkiye’nin İklim Şartları. İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1957.
  • Erol, Oğuz. Genel Klimatoloji. Ankara: Çantay Kitabevi, 1999.
  • Forthofer, Ron N. ve diğerleri. Rank Correlation Methods.” Boston: Springer, 1981.
  • Frenz, David A. “The Effect of Windspeed on Pollen and Spore Counts Collected with the Rotorod Sampler and Burkard Spore Trap.” Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 85.5 (2000): 392–394.
  • Ghaedi, Sohrab. “The Variability and Trends of Monthly Maximum Wind Speed Over Iran.” Idojaras 123.4 (2019): 521–534.
  • Gocic, Milan ve Slavisa Trajkovic. “Analysis of Changes in Meteorological Variables Using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator Statistical Tests in Serbia.” Global and Planetary Change 100 (2013) 172–182.
  • Gürtan, Kenan. İstatistik ve Araştırma Metodları. İstanbul: Fatih Yayınevi Matbaası, 1979.
  • Hart, Micehella L., J. E. Wentworth ve J. P. Bailey. “The Effects of Trap Height and Weather Variables on Recorded Pollen Concentration at Leicester.” Grana 33.2 (1994): 100–103.
  • Hou, Yuhan. “Effect of Wind Speed on Human Thermal Sensation and Thermal Comfort.” AIP Conference Proceedings 1971 (2018): 1–6.
  • IPCC. Global warming of 1.5°C. an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, Baskıda 2018. Web. 5 Haziran 2020.
  • Kang, Ho Ming ve Fadhilah Yusof. “Homogeneity Tests on Daily Rainfall Series in Peninsula Malaysia.” International Journal Contemporary Math Science. 7.1 (2012): 9–22.
  • Kendall, Mann G. Rank Correlation Methods. London: Griffin, 1970.
  • Khaliq, M. Naveed ve Taha B.M.J. Ouarda. “On the Critical Values of The Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT).” International Journal of Climatology 27.5 (2007): 681–687.
  • Kim, Kyung Hwan ve diğerleri. “Influence of Wind Direction and Speed on the Transport of Particle-Bound Pahs in a Roadway Environment.” Atmospheric Pollution Research 6.6 (2015): 1024–1034.
  • Lin, Yuchun ve Leo Oey. “Global Trends of Sea Surface Gravity Wave, Wind, and Coastal Wave Setup.” Journal of Climate 33.3 (2020): 769–785.
  • Little, Roderick J. A. ve Donald B. Rubin. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. New York: John Wiley&Sons, 1987.
  • Liuzzo, Lorena, Francesco Viola ve Leonardo V. Noto. “Wind Speed and Temperature Trends Impacts on Reference Evapotranspiration in Southern Italy.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 123.1–2 (2016): 43–62.
  • Mann, Henry B. “Nonparametric Tests Against Trend.” Econometrica 13.3 (1945): 245–259.
  • McVicar, Tim R. ve diğerleri. “Global Review and Synthesis of Trends in Observed Terrestrial Near-Surface Wind Speeds: Implications For Evaporation.” Journal Of Hydrology 416 (2012): 182–205.
  • Minola, Lorenzo, Cesar Azorin-Molina ve Deliang Chen. “Homogenization and Assessment of Observed Near-Surface Wind Speed Trends Across Sweden, 1956–2013.” Journal of Climate 29.20 (2016): 7397–7415.
  • Mohd Razali, Nornadiah ve Yap Bee Wah. “Power Comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests.” Journal of Statistical Modelling and Analytics 2.1 (2011): 21-33.
  • Pettitt, Anthony N. “A Non-Parametric Approach to the Change-Point Problem.” Applied Statistics 28.2 (1979): 126–135.
  • Pirazzoli, Paolo Antonio ve Alberto Tomasin. “Recent Near-Surface Wind Changes in the Central Mediterranean and Adriatic Areas.” International Journal of Climatology 23.8 (2003): 963–973.
  • Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh ve diğerleri. “Wind Speed Variability Over Iran and Its Impact on Wind Power Potential: A Case Study for Esfehan Province.” Meteorological Applications 18.2 (2011): 198–210.
  • Roderick, Michael L. ve diğerleri. “On the Attribution of Changing Pan Evaporation.” Geophysical Research Letters 34.17 (2007): 1–6.
  • Sahin, Sinan ve Murat Türkeş. “Contemporary Surface Wind Climatology of Turkey.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 113.1–2 (2013): 337–349.
  • Sen, Pranab Kumar. "Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall’s Tau." Journal of the American Statistical Association 63 (1968):1379-1389.
  • Schafer, Joseph. "Multiple Imputation: A Primer.” Statistical Methods in Medical Research 8 (1999): 3-15.
  • Thomas, P eter, S imon C ox v e A ndrew T indal. “ Long-Term Wind Speed Trends in Northwestern Europe.” European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition 7 (2009): 4983–4987.
  • Torralba, Verónica, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes ve Nube Gonzalez-Reviriego. “Uncertainty in Recent Near-Surface Wind Speed Trends: A Global Reanalysis Intercomparison.” Environmental Research Letters 12.11 (2017):1-9.
  • Tuomenvirta, Heikki. “Homogeneity Testing and Adjustment of Climatic Time Series in Finland.” Geophysica 38.1–2 (2002): 15–41.
  • Türkeş, Murat. Genel Klimatoloji. Ankara: Ertem Büro, 2010.
  • Wan, Hui, Xiaolan L. Wang ve Val R. Swail. “Homogenization and Trend Analysis of Canadian Near-Surface Wind Speeds.” Journal of Climate 23.5 (2010): 1209–1225.
  • Wohland, Jan ve diğerleri. “Inconsistent Wind Speed Trends in Current Twentieth Century Reanalyses.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124.4 (2019): 1931–1940.
  • Wu, Jian ve diğerleri. “Changes in Terrestrial Near-Surface Wind Speed and Their Possible Causes: An Overview.” Climate Dynamics 51.5–6 (2018): 2039–2078.
  • Yilmaz, Veysel, Haydar Aras ve H Eray Çelik. "Statistical Analysis of Wind Speed Data." Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 18.2 (2005): 1-14.
  • Yılmaz, Erkan. “Türkiye’de Thornthwaite İklim İndislerindeki Eğilimler.” Coğrafya Dergisi 40 (2020): 1–25.
  • Young, Lan R. ve diğerleri. “Global Trends in Extreme Wind Speed and Wave Height.” Science 332 (2011): 451-455.
  • Zahradníček, Pavel ve diğerleri. “Differences in Wind Speeds According to Measured and Homogenized Series in the Czech Republic, 1961–2015.” International Journal of Climatology 39.1 (2019): 235–250.
  • Zeng, Zhenzhong ve diğerleri. “Global Terrestrial Stilling: Does Earth’s Greening Play a Role?” Environmental Research Letters 13.12 (2018):1-13.
  • Zheng, Chong Wei, Jing Pan ve Chong Yin Li. “Global Oceanic Wind Speed Trends.” Ocean and Coastal Management 129 (2016): 15–24.
Year 2021, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 185 - 233, 24.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2021.61.1.8

Abstract

References

  • Akova, İsmet. “Development Potential of Wind Energy in Turkey.” EchoGéo 16 (2011): 1–24.
  • Akyol, İbrahim Hakkı. “Türkiye’de Basınç, Rüzgârlar ve Yağış Rejimi.” Türk Coğrafya Dergisi 5–6 (1944): 1–34.
  • Alexandersson, Hans. “A Homogeneity Test Applied to Precipitation Data.” Journal of Climatology 6.6 (1986): 661–675.
  • Alpar, Reha. Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemlere Giriş 1. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 2003.
  • Azorin-Molina, Cesar ve diğerleri. “Assessing the Impact of Measurement Time Interval When Calculating Wind Speed Means and Trends Under The Stilling Phenomenon.” International Journal of Climatology 37.1 (2017): 480–492.
  • Azorin-Molina, Cesar ve diğerleri. “Homogenization and Assessment of Observed Near-Surface Wind Speed Trends Over Spain and Portugal, 1961-2011.” Journal of Climate 27.10 (2014): 3692–3712.
  • Azorin-Molina, Cesar ve diğerleri. “Recent Trends in Wind Speed Across Saudi Arabia, 1978-2013: A Break in the stilling.” International Journal of Climatology 38 (2018): 966–984.
  • Buishand, T. Adri. “Some Methods for Testing the Homogeneity of Rainfall Records.” Journal of Hydrology 58 (1982): 11–27.
  • Çarpar, Tunay ve diğerleri. “Spatio-Seasonal Variations in Long-Term Trends of Offshore W ind S peeds O ver t he B lack Sea; An Inter-Comparison of Two Reanalysis Data.” Pure and Applied Geophysics 177.6 (2020): 3013–3037.
  • Dadaser-Çelik, Filiz ve Eda Cengiz. “Wind Speed Trends Over Turkey from 1975 to 2006.” International Journal of Climatology 34.6 (2014): 1913–1927.
  • Elibüyük, Mesut ve Erkan Yılmaz. “Türkiye’nin Coğrafi Bölge ve Bölümlerine Göre Yükselti Basamakları ve Eğim Grupları.” Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi 8.1 (2010): 27–55.
  • Enders, Craig K. Applied Missing Data Analysis. London: The Guilford Press, 2010.
  • Erinç, Sırrı. Tatbiki Klimatoloji ve Türkiye’nin İklim Şartları. İstanbul: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Basımevi, 1957.
  • Erol, Oğuz. Genel Klimatoloji. Ankara: Çantay Kitabevi, 1999.
  • Forthofer, Ron N. ve diğerleri. Rank Correlation Methods.” Boston: Springer, 1981.
  • Frenz, David A. “The Effect of Windspeed on Pollen and Spore Counts Collected with the Rotorod Sampler and Burkard Spore Trap.” Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 85.5 (2000): 392–394.
  • Ghaedi, Sohrab. “The Variability and Trends of Monthly Maximum Wind Speed Over Iran.” Idojaras 123.4 (2019): 521–534.
  • Gocic, Milan ve Slavisa Trajkovic. “Analysis of Changes in Meteorological Variables Using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator Statistical Tests in Serbia.” Global and Planetary Change 100 (2013) 172–182.
  • Gürtan, Kenan. İstatistik ve Araştırma Metodları. İstanbul: Fatih Yayınevi Matbaası, 1979.
  • Hart, Micehella L., J. E. Wentworth ve J. P. Bailey. “The Effects of Trap Height and Weather Variables on Recorded Pollen Concentration at Leicester.” Grana 33.2 (1994): 100–103.
  • Hou, Yuhan. “Effect of Wind Speed on Human Thermal Sensation and Thermal Comfort.” AIP Conference Proceedings 1971 (2018): 1–6.
  • IPCC. Global warming of 1.5°C. an IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, Baskıda 2018. Web. 5 Haziran 2020.
  • Kang, Ho Ming ve Fadhilah Yusof. “Homogeneity Tests on Daily Rainfall Series in Peninsula Malaysia.” International Journal Contemporary Math Science. 7.1 (2012): 9–22.
  • Kendall, Mann G. Rank Correlation Methods. London: Griffin, 1970.
  • Khaliq, M. Naveed ve Taha B.M.J. Ouarda. “On the Critical Values of The Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT).” International Journal of Climatology 27.5 (2007): 681–687.
  • Kim, Kyung Hwan ve diğerleri. “Influence of Wind Direction and Speed on the Transport of Particle-Bound Pahs in a Roadway Environment.” Atmospheric Pollution Research 6.6 (2015): 1024–1034.
  • Lin, Yuchun ve Leo Oey. “Global Trends of Sea Surface Gravity Wave, Wind, and Coastal Wave Setup.” Journal of Climate 33.3 (2020): 769–785.
  • Little, Roderick J. A. ve Donald B. Rubin. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. New York: John Wiley&Sons, 1987.
  • Liuzzo, Lorena, Francesco Viola ve Leonardo V. Noto. “Wind Speed and Temperature Trends Impacts on Reference Evapotranspiration in Southern Italy.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 123.1–2 (2016): 43–62.
  • Mann, Henry B. “Nonparametric Tests Against Trend.” Econometrica 13.3 (1945): 245–259.
  • McVicar, Tim R. ve diğerleri. “Global Review and Synthesis of Trends in Observed Terrestrial Near-Surface Wind Speeds: Implications For Evaporation.” Journal Of Hydrology 416 (2012): 182–205.
  • Minola, Lorenzo, Cesar Azorin-Molina ve Deliang Chen. “Homogenization and Assessment of Observed Near-Surface Wind Speed Trends Across Sweden, 1956–2013.” Journal of Climate 29.20 (2016): 7397–7415.
  • Mohd Razali, Nornadiah ve Yap Bee Wah. “Power Comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests.” Journal of Statistical Modelling and Analytics 2.1 (2011): 21-33.
  • Pettitt, Anthony N. “A Non-Parametric Approach to the Change-Point Problem.” Applied Statistics 28.2 (1979): 126–135.
  • Pirazzoli, Paolo Antonio ve Alberto Tomasin. “Recent Near-Surface Wind Changes in the Central Mediterranean and Adriatic Areas.” International Journal of Climatology 23.8 (2003): 963–973.
  • Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh ve diğerleri. “Wind Speed Variability Over Iran and Its Impact on Wind Power Potential: A Case Study for Esfehan Province.” Meteorological Applications 18.2 (2011): 198–210.
  • Roderick, Michael L. ve diğerleri. “On the Attribution of Changing Pan Evaporation.” Geophysical Research Letters 34.17 (2007): 1–6.
  • Sahin, Sinan ve Murat Türkeş. “Contemporary Surface Wind Climatology of Turkey.” Theoretical and Applied Climatology 113.1–2 (2013): 337–349.
  • Sen, Pranab Kumar. "Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall’s Tau." Journal of the American Statistical Association 63 (1968):1379-1389.
  • Schafer, Joseph. "Multiple Imputation: A Primer.” Statistical Methods in Medical Research 8 (1999): 3-15.
  • Thomas, P eter, S imon C ox v e A ndrew T indal. “ Long-Term Wind Speed Trends in Northwestern Europe.” European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition 7 (2009): 4983–4987.
  • Torralba, Verónica, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes ve Nube Gonzalez-Reviriego. “Uncertainty in Recent Near-Surface Wind Speed Trends: A Global Reanalysis Intercomparison.” Environmental Research Letters 12.11 (2017):1-9.
  • Tuomenvirta, Heikki. “Homogeneity Testing and Adjustment of Climatic Time Series in Finland.” Geophysica 38.1–2 (2002): 15–41.
  • Türkeş, Murat. Genel Klimatoloji. Ankara: Ertem Büro, 2010.
  • Wan, Hui, Xiaolan L. Wang ve Val R. Swail. “Homogenization and Trend Analysis of Canadian Near-Surface Wind Speeds.” Journal of Climate 23.5 (2010): 1209–1225.
  • Wohland, Jan ve diğerleri. “Inconsistent Wind Speed Trends in Current Twentieth Century Reanalyses.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 124.4 (2019): 1931–1940.
  • Wu, Jian ve diğerleri. “Changes in Terrestrial Near-Surface Wind Speed and Their Possible Causes: An Overview.” Climate Dynamics 51.5–6 (2018): 2039–2078.
  • Yilmaz, Veysel, Haydar Aras ve H Eray Çelik. "Statistical Analysis of Wind Speed Data." Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 18.2 (2005): 1-14.
  • Yılmaz, Erkan. “Türkiye’de Thornthwaite İklim İndislerindeki Eğilimler.” Coğrafya Dergisi 40 (2020): 1–25.
  • Young, Lan R. ve diğerleri. “Global Trends in Extreme Wind Speed and Wave Height.” Science 332 (2011): 451-455.
  • Zahradníček, Pavel ve diğerleri. “Differences in Wind Speeds According to Measured and Homogenized Series in the Czech Republic, 1961–2015.” International Journal of Climatology 39.1 (2019): 235–250.
  • Zeng, Zhenzhong ve diğerleri. “Global Terrestrial Stilling: Does Earth’s Greening Play a Role?” Environmental Research Letters 13.12 (2018):1-13.
  • Zheng, Chong Wei, Jing Pan ve Chong Yin Li. “Global Oceanic Wind Speed Trends.” Ocean and Coastal Management 129 (2016): 15–24.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Erkan Yılmaz 0000-0002-3821-3648

Publication Date June 24, 2021
Submission Date March 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 61 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, E. (2021). TÜRKİYE’DE RÜZGÂR HIZI VERİLERİNİN HOMOJENLEŞTİRİLMESİ VE EĞİLİMLERİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(1), 185-233. https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2021.61.1.8

Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography

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