Kimlik Açmazı: Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Aidiyet ya da Yabancılaşma Duyusu

Year 2008, Volume: 48 Issue: 1, 1 - 26, 01.01.2008

Hayriye Erbaş

Abstract

Düzey farklılığı olsa da hemen hemen bütün toplumlarda göçmenler genellikle ekonomik, konut edinme ve etnik ayırımlaşma sorunlarına neden olan bir üyelik ve aidiyet sorunu ile karşı karşıya kalkmaktadırlar. Göçmenler bir taraftan karşılaştıkları sorunların üstesinden gelmek diğer taraftan da yeni çevrelerinde dayanışma duygusunu yükseltmek amacıyla gündelik yaşam pratiklerini paylaşma mekânları ve mekanizmaları oluştururlar. Topluluk biçimlenişi mekanizmaları ve toplanma yer ve ilişkilerinin oluşturulması, ayrıntıda çözümlenmeyi gerektiren karmaşık etkileşim süreçleridir. Bu makale öncelikle kadın ve erkeklerin yeni çevrelerinde gündelik yaşam pratiklerinde aidiyet duygusunun biçimlenişini açığa çıkartmaktadır. Gündelik yaşam pratikleri göçmenlerin çevreleriyle ilişkileri, yaşadıkları ülkedeki siyasal sistem bilgisi, kendilerini yurttaş ya da yabancı hissetmeleri ve yabancı arkadaş edinme gönüllülüğü yaşanan topluma üyelik dinamiklerine odaklanılarak çözümlenmiştir. İkinci olarak da bu yazı, özellikle nitel verilerin kullanımı aracılığıyla kimlik oluşturma ve alt-topluluk biçimlenişi sürecinde kadınların rolüne odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma Türk göçmen topluluğu, özellilikle son dönemlerde Britanya’ya sığınmacı olarak yerleşen ve bu nedenle de dönmeyi pek düşünmeyen Kürt kökenli Türk vatandaşları üzerine gerçekleştirilen bir alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır.

Keywords

Göç, Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Etnisite, Yurttaşlık, Göçmen Politikaları, Aidiyet Politikaları, Yabancılaşma, Sığınmacılar

Identity Dilemma: Gender and a Sense of Belonging or of Alienization

Abstract

Despite the differences in its level, the reality is that in almost any society migrants face problems of membership and belonging that commonly result in economic, housing and ethnic segregation. Migrants construct places and mechanisms both in order to challenge the problems at hand and to share some of their life practices which increase their sense of solidarity in their new environment. The mechanisms of community formation and constructing meeting places and networks are complex processes of interaction which need to be analyzed in detail. This article primarily highlights the formation of a sense of belonging as it is expressed in women’s and men’s daily practices in their new environments. Daily practices were analyzed by focusing on the dynamics of membership including the migrants’ relations with their environments, their knowledge of the political system of the country in which they live, their feelings of being an alien or a citizen and their willingness to have foreign friends. Secondly, this essay analyzes the role of women in the process of identity construction and the formation of a sub-community, mainly using qualitative data. The study is based on a field study of a community of Turkish migrants especially focusing on Turkish citizens with Kurdish origins those recently settled in Britain; who were migrate as refugee and do not expect to return.

Keywords

Migration, Gender, Ethnicity, Citizenship, Migration Policies, Politics of Belonging, Alienization, Refugees

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