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Birinci Dünya Savaşı Anlatılarında Tekinsizliğin İzinde

Year 2011, Volume: 51 Issue: 1, 65 - 88, 01.01.2011

Abstract

Savaş şiiri, genellikle şiddet, kan dökme ve ölüm gibi temaları dile getirdiğinden karanlık ve kasvetli bir tona sahiptir. Bu durum özellikle kanlı çatışmaların yaşandığı siperlerde yazılan şiirlerde daha yoğun hissedilir. Dehşet verici siper deneyimi nedeniyle ruhsal yıkıma uğramış olan savaş şairi yaşam ve ölüm arasındaki eşikte konumlanmıştır. Kimi zaman kendini ölü olarak tasavvur eder, kimi zamansa ölülerle konuşur veya ölüler, rüyalar ya da karanlık hayaller aracılığıyla onunla konuşurlar. Ölmüş askerler, parçalanmış bedenler, tanınmaz haldeki cesetler gibi süreklilik gösteren imgeler ve travma geçirmiş zihnin ürettiği korkutucu düşler bu dünyaya ait olmayan bir atmosfer yaratarak, savaş şiirini genellikle gotik ve fantastik edebiyatla ilişkilendirilen “tekinsizlik” kuramının konusu haline getirir. Bu çalışmada, tekinsizlik kuramının Birinci Dünya Savaşı şiirlerinde işlenen travmatik savaş deneyiminin ve milliyetçilik fikrinin incelenmesinde sunacağı yorumsal olanaklar ele alınmıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında yazılan şiirler çalışmanın odak noktasında yer almaktadır. Ancak, savaş etrafında şekillenen farklı söylemlerin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi amacıyla savaş hatıraları, anıtlar ve cehpheden yazılan mektuplar gibi diğer savaş anlatıları da çalışma kapsamına dâhil edilmiştir.

References

  • ANDERSON, Benedict. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso.
  • BOOTH, Allyson. (1996). Postcards From the Trenches: Negotiating the Space between Modernism and the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • BROOKE, Rupert. (1986). “Fragment”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (62). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • CAREY, John. (1987). Eyewitness to History. New York: Avon.
  • CIXOUS, Hélène. (1976). “Fiction and Its Phantoms: A Reading of Freud’s Das Unheimliche”. New Literary History. 7(3): 525-548.
  • EKSTEINS, Modris. (1989). Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
  • FEATHERSTONE, Simon. (1995). War Poetry. London: Routledge.
  • Field Service Post Card. http://beck.library.emory.edu/greatwar/postcards/ view.php?id=field_service_postcard&zoom=2[4 April 2011]
  • FRENCH, David. (2005). Military Identities: The Regimental System, the British Army and the British People. c. 1870-2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • FREUD, Sigmund. (2001). “The Uncanny”. In The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. (Ed. Vincent B. Leitchd). (929-952). New York: Norton.
  • FUSSELL, Paul. (1975). The Great War and Modern Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • GRAVES, Robert. (1986). “A Dead Boche”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (70). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • HOBSBAWN, Eric. (1983). “The Invention of Tradition”. In The Invention of Tradition . (Eds. Eric Hobsbawn and Terence Ranger). (1-14). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HOOK, Derek. (2005). “The Monumental Space and the Uncanny”. Geoforu. 36 (6): 688-704.
  • HOUSMAN, Laurence. (2002). War Letters of Fallen Englishmen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • JACKSON, Rosemary. (1981). Fantasy: The Literature of Subversion. New York: Methuen.
  • JENTSCH, Ernst. (1997). “On the Psychology of the Uncanny”. (Trans. Forbes Morlock). Angelaki. 2(1): 7-16.
  • MASSCHELEIN, Anneleen (2003). “A Homeless Concept: Shapes of the Uncanny in Twentieth-Century Theory and Culture.” Image and Narrative: Online Magazine of the Visual Narratives 1 January 2003. http://www.imageandnarrative.be/inarchive/uncanny/anneleenmasschelein.htm [18 May 2008]
  • McCRAE, John. (1996). “In Flanders Fields”. In Minds at War: The Poetry and Experience of the First World War. (Ed. David Roberts). (250, 262). London: Saxson.
  • OWEN, Wilfred. (1986). “Exposure”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (80-81). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • OXENHAM, John. (1996 ). “Little Crosses in the Snow”. In Minds at War: The Poetry and Experience of the First World War. (Ed. David Roberts). (250). London: Saxson.
  • The Oxford English Dictionary. OED Online. (2009). 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://www.dictionary.oed.com [21 March 2009]
  • REILLY, Catherine W. (1978). English Poetry of the First World War. A Bibliography. New York: St.Martin’s.
  • RICKWORD, Edgell. (1986). “The Trench Poets”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (79). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • ROBERTS, David. (1996). Minds at War: The Poetry and Experience of the First World War. London: Saxson.
  • ROSENBERG, Isaac. (1986). “Dead Man’s Dump”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (82-83). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • RUGGENBERG, Rob. (2008). “The Making of ‘In Flanders Fields’ ”. 5 February 2008. http://www.greatwar.nl [16 March 2009]
  • WEST, Arthur Graeme. (1986). “The Night Patrol”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (76-77). New York: St. Martin’s.

In Search of the Uncanny in the Narratıves of the Great War

Year 2011, Volume: 51 Issue: 1, 65 - 88, 01.01.2011

Abstract

War poetry, particularly the poems scribed in the trenches - the burning centre of the combat, generally has a dark and sombre tone as it speaks of violence, bloodshed and death. Psychologically devastated by the appalling experience of the trench warfare, the war poet occupies the liminal space between life and death. He sometimes imagines himself dead; sometimes he converses with the dead, or conversely the dead communicate with him through dreams or phantasms. The recurrent images of dead soldiers, detached body parts, unrecognisable corpses, and ghostly imaginings of traumatised mind create an otherworldly atmosphere, drawing the genre into the terrain of the uncanny, which has been conventionally associated with gothic and fantastic literature. The present study explores the interpretive possibilities that the theory of the uncanny may offer in analysing the traumatic war experience and the presentation of the idea of nationalism in the poetry of the First World War. The present study, as indicated in the title, is a search for the uncanny presented in the poetry of the Great War; however, it also includes other forms of war narratives, such as memorial monuments, memoirs and letters in order to compare different discourses that came together around the war and its rhetoric.

References

  • ANDERSON, Benedict. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New York: Verso.
  • BOOTH, Allyson. (1996). Postcards From the Trenches: Negotiating the Space between Modernism and the First World War. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • BROOKE, Rupert. (1986). “Fragment”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (62). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • CAREY, John. (1987). Eyewitness to History. New York: Avon.
  • CIXOUS, Hélène. (1976). “Fiction and Its Phantoms: A Reading of Freud’s Das Unheimliche”. New Literary History. 7(3): 525-548.
  • EKSTEINS, Modris. (1989). Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
  • FEATHERSTONE, Simon. (1995). War Poetry. London: Routledge.
  • Field Service Post Card. http://beck.library.emory.edu/greatwar/postcards/ view.php?id=field_service_postcard&zoom=2[4 April 2011]
  • FRENCH, David. (2005). Military Identities: The Regimental System, the British Army and the British People. c. 1870-2000. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • FREUD, Sigmund. (2001). “The Uncanny”. In The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. (Ed. Vincent B. Leitchd). (929-952). New York: Norton.
  • FUSSELL, Paul. (1975). The Great War and Modern Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • GRAVES, Robert. (1986). “A Dead Boche”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (70). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • HOBSBAWN, Eric. (1983). “The Invention of Tradition”. In The Invention of Tradition . (Eds. Eric Hobsbawn and Terence Ranger). (1-14). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • HOOK, Derek. (2005). “The Monumental Space and the Uncanny”. Geoforu. 36 (6): 688-704.
  • HOUSMAN, Laurence. (2002). War Letters of Fallen Englishmen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • JACKSON, Rosemary. (1981). Fantasy: The Literature of Subversion. New York: Methuen.
  • JENTSCH, Ernst. (1997). “On the Psychology of the Uncanny”. (Trans. Forbes Morlock). Angelaki. 2(1): 7-16.
  • MASSCHELEIN, Anneleen (2003). “A Homeless Concept: Shapes of the Uncanny in Twentieth-Century Theory and Culture.” Image and Narrative: Online Magazine of the Visual Narratives 1 January 2003. http://www.imageandnarrative.be/inarchive/uncanny/anneleenmasschelein.htm [18 May 2008]
  • McCRAE, John. (1996). “In Flanders Fields”. In Minds at War: The Poetry and Experience of the First World War. (Ed. David Roberts). (250, 262). London: Saxson.
  • OWEN, Wilfred. (1986). “Exposure”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (80-81). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • OXENHAM, John. (1996 ). “Little Crosses in the Snow”. In Minds at War: The Poetry and Experience of the First World War. (Ed. David Roberts). (250). London: Saxson.
  • The Oxford English Dictionary. OED Online. (2009). 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://www.dictionary.oed.com [21 March 2009]
  • REILLY, Catherine W. (1978). English Poetry of the First World War. A Bibliography. New York: St.Martin’s.
  • RICKWORD, Edgell. (1986). “The Trench Poets”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (79). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • ROBERTS, David. (1996). Minds at War: The Poetry and Experience of the First World War. London: Saxson.
  • ROSENBERG, Isaac. (1986). “Dead Man’s Dump”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (82-83). New York: St. Martin’s.
  • RUGGENBERG, Rob. (2008). “The Making of ‘In Flanders Fields’ ”. 5 February 2008. http://www.greatwar.nl [16 March 2009]
  • WEST, Arthur Graeme. (1986). “The Night Patrol”. In Poetry of the Great War: An Anthology. (Eds. Dominic Hibbert and John Onions). (76-77). New York: St. Martin’s.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Taner Can This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 51 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Can, T. (2011). In Search of the Uncanny in the Narratıves of the Great War. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(1), 65-88.

Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography

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