Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerini Benimsetme Aracı Olarak Çocuk Edebiyatı

Year 2012, Volume: 52 Issue: 2, 151 - 166, 01.01.2012

Seda Pekşen

Abstract

Toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri içkin değil, öğrenilmiştir. Bu nedenle çocukluk kişinin kendi rolünü öğrendiği çok önemli bir dönemdir. Çocuklar her türlü dış uyaran yoluyla cinsiyetlerine uygun davranışlar sergileyen erkek ve kız çocukları olarak yapılandırılırlar. Dolayısıyla cinsler arası farklılıklar ve hiyerarşi çocuklara en baştan dayatılır ve çocukların ataerkil toplumun cinsiyetlerine göre tektipleştirilmiş üyeleri olmaları sağlanır. Edebiyat bu sürece katkı sağlayan en etkili araçlardan biridir. Çocuklar kendilerini kurtaracak yakışıklı prensini bekleyen güzel ama zayıf prenseslerin öyküleriyle hem gerçek hem de mecaz anlamda uykuya yatırılır. Çocuklar masallar aracılığıyla hayatları boyunca oynamak zorunda oldukları rolü öğrenirler ve buna isyan edenleri bekleyen cezalara karşı da uyarılırlar. Sonunda rollerini kanıksamayı öğrenirler. Bu makalede çocuk edebiyatının toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin benimsetilmesi sürecinde nasıl kullanıldığı çeşitli bilimsel araştırma sonuçlarına dayanarak tartışılmaktadır.

Keywords

Cinsiyet, Çocuk Edebiyatı, Masallar, Ataerki, Eğitim, Cinsiyet Rolleri

Children’s Literature as a Tool for Gender Appropriation

Abstract

Gender roles are not innate but learned, that is why childhood is a very important period in which a person learns his/her roles. Through all kinds of external stimuli children are constructed as boys and girls who behave in ways appropriate to their sex. Thus gender differences and hierarchy between sexes are imposed on children right from the beginning until they become gender stereotyped members of patriarchy. Literature is one of the most effective means of contribution to this process of appropriation. Children are put to sleep –not only literally but figuratively- with tales of beautiful but weak princesses waiting for a handsome prince to save them. By means of fairy tales children learn which part they should play throughout their lives and they are warned against the punishments awaiting those who rebel. In the end they learn to take their roles for granted. This article discusses how children’s literature is used during the process of gender appropriation, based on various scientific research results.

Keywords

Gender, Children’s Literature, Fairy Tales, Patriarchy, Education, Sex Roles

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