Japon Kırsalında Mutluluk Algısı: Kyushu Bölgesi kırsalı saha verileri üzerinden bir değerlendirme

Year 2015, Volume: 55 Issue: 2, 143 - 166, 01.01.2015

Tolga Özşen

Abstract

Her ne kadar son yıllarda kırsal ve kent arasındaki altyapısal ve niceliksel eşitsizlik azalmış olsa da, göç ve demografik yapıdaki değişime bağlı olarak Japon kırsalı halen hem üretsel hem de sosyal yaşam açısından derin sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Japon kırsalının bu sorunlarını çözebilmek amacıyla pek çok farklı proje gerek yerel yönetimler gerekse merkezi yönetim tarafından hayata geçirilmiştir. Ancak sorunların kökten çözümü noktasında net bir gelişme henüz elde edilebilmiş değildir. Dahası, kırsalın mutlu olması amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmalarda, kırsalın mutluluk algısının ne olduğu, hangi faktörlerin mutluluk kaynağı olarak görüldüğü çoğunlukla ortaya konulmamaktadır. İşte bu noktada, hem kırsalın mutluluk algısını genel hatlarıyla özetleyebilmek, hem de ileride uygulanacak sosyal politikalara bir perspektif temeli oluşturmak amacıyla bu çalışmada Japon kırsalında mutluluk kavramının nasıl algılandığı, mutlu ve mutsuz köyü belirlemede ne tür enstrümanların daha öne çıktığı yapılan saha çalışmasında toplanan veriler üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Bu tartışma ile, merkezi sosyal politikaların material merkezli oluşturmaya çalıştıkları ‘mutlu ve sürdürülebilir’ kırsal resminin sahada ne kadar karşılık bulduğu sorusuna da yanıt aranmış olacaktır.

Keywords

Japon Toplumu, Kırsal Kalkınma, Japon Modernleşmesi, Mutluluk, Kırsal Sürdürülebilirlik

SEEKING THE HAPPINESS AGENTS IN RURAL JAPAN THROUGH THE CASE STUDY IN KYUSHU REGION

Abstract

Even though rural Japan have mostly same infrastructural conditions as urban sides have, due to the aging and depopulation, Japanese rural communities have still been facing the issue of sustainability. There are many projects and studies, which aim economic and material development for the rural community. However, those studies or projects, which aim “happy community”, are mostly carried out without questioning what happiness is for the rural community. Thus, this paper is going to attempt firstly to expose what is the happiness for the rural community, secondly to see the relationship between rural problems and happiness/unhappiness actors that are pointed out as most important, and ultimately to discuss the possibility of the perspective that includes non-material happiness factors as much as material ones by considering the field data which were taken at Ukeguchi village in Oita Prefecture, Japan.

Keywords

Japanese Society, Rural Revitalization, Japanese Modernization, Happiness, Rural Sustainability

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